A borophosphate glass composition including B.sub.2O.sub.3, P.sub.2O.sub.5, and CaO, and optionally a source additive selected from: Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, K.sub.2O, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, ZnO, MgO, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3/FeO, CuO/Cu.sub.2O, and mixtures thereof, as defined herein. Also disclosed are bioactive compositions or substrates including the disclosed borophosphate glass composition, and at least one live cell. Also disclosed are methods of inhibiting or increasing the relative amount of species containing boron, phosphorous, or both, being released into an aqueous solution from aborophosphate glass composition defined herein. Also disclosed is a method of proliferating cells on a bioactive substrate as defined herein. Also disclosed are related glass compositions that exclude one of B.sub.2O.sub.3, P.sub.2O.sub.5, and CaO.

The present disclosure provides a method for coating a composite structure comprising the steps of applying a first slurry of a first phosphate glass composition on an outer surface of the composite structure. The first slurry comprises a first additive including at least one of molybdenum disulfide or tungsten disulfide. The method may further include heating the composite structure to a temperature sufficient to form a base layer adhered to the composite structure.

The present disclosure provides a method for coating a composite structure comprising the steps of applying a first slurry of a first phosphate glass composition on an outer surface of the composite structure. The first slurry comprises a first additive including at least one of molybdenum disulfide or tungsten disulfide. The method may further include heating the composite structure to a temperature sufficient to form a base layer adhered to the composite structure.

Embodiments of methods for forming strengthened glass articles comprise providing an exchangeable glass substrate having a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between about 60×10-7/° C. to about 110×10-7/° C., depositing at least one decorative porous inorganic layer onto at least a portion of the surface of the glass substrate, wherein the decorative porous inorganic layer comprises a glass transition temperature (Tg)≥450° C., a glass softening temperature (Ts)≤650° C., wherein the difference in CTE values between the glass substrate and the decorative porous inorganic layer is within 10×10-7/° C.; and curing the glass substrate and the deposited decorative porous inorganic layer at a temperature greater than the Ts of the decorative porous inorganic layer; and chemically strengthening the cured glass substrate and the decorative porous inorganic layer thereon via ion exchange at a temperature below the Tg of the decorative porous inorganic layer.

Embodiments of methods for forming strengthened glass articles comprise providing an exchangeable glass substrate having a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between about 60×10-7/° C. to about 110×10-7/° C., depositing at least one decorative porous inorganic layer onto at least a portion of the surface of the glass substrate, wherein the decorative porous inorganic layer comprises a glass transition temperature (Tg)≥450° C., a glass softening temperature (Ts)≤650° C., wherein the difference in CTE values between the glass substrate and the decorative porous inorganic layer is within 10×10-7/° C.; and curing the glass substrate and the deposited decorative porous inorganic layer at a temperature greater than the Ts of the decorative porous inorganic layer; and chemically strengthening the cured glass substrate and the decorative porous inorganic layer thereon via ion exchange at a temperature below the Tg of the decorative porous inorganic layer.

An optical glass may be a phosphate based glass containing at least any one of oxides selected from TiO2, Nb2O5, WO3, and Bi2O2. The total content (HR) of the TiO2, Nb2O5, WO3, and Bi2O2 may be 35 mol % or above, the noble metal content may be less than 2.0 ppm, and the βOH value, given by the following general formula, may be 0.1 mm-1 or above: βOH=−[ln(B/A)]/t.

An optical glass may be a phosphate based glass containing at least any one of oxides selected from TiO2, Nb2O5, WO3, and Bi2O2. The total content (HR) of the TiO2, Nb2O5, WO3, and Bi2O2 may be 35 mol % or above, the noble metal content may be less than 2.0 ppm, and the βOH value, given by the following general formula, may be 0.1 mm-1 or above: βOH=−[ln(B/A)]/t.

Glass compositions include niobia (Nb.sub.2O.sub.5), phosphorus oxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5) and titania (TiO.sub.2) as essential components and may optionally include calcium oxide (CaO), potassium oxide (K.sub.2O), barium oxide (BaO), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), magnesia (MgO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and other components. The glasses may be characterized by high refractive index at 587.56 nm at comparably low density at room temperature.

Glass compositions include niobia (Nb.sub.2O.sub.5), phosphorus oxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5) and titania (TiO.sub.2) as essential components and may optionally include calcium oxide (CaO), potassium oxide (K.sub.2O), barium oxide (BaO), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), magnesia (MgO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and other components. The glasses may be characterized by high refractive index at 587.56 nm at comparably low density at room temperature.

Mechanical strength of a composite material is enhanced by a simple process. In a composite material comprising a resin or a rubber and an oxide glass, the resin or the rubber is dispersed in the oxide glass, or the oxide glass is dispersed in the resin or the rubber. The composite material has a function that the oxide glass is softened and fluidized by electromagnetic waves.