The low-loss ion exchanged (IOX) waveguide disclosed herein includes a glass substrate having a top surface and comprising an alkali-aluminosilicate glass with between 3 and 15 mol % of Na.sub.2O and a concentration of Fe of 20 parts per million (ppm) or less. The glass substrate includes a buried AgNa IOX region, wherein this region and a surrounding portion of glass substrate define the IOX waveguide. The IOX waveguide has an optical loss OL?0.05 dB/cm and a birefringence magnitude |B|?0.001. The glass substrate with multiple IOX waveguides can be used as an optical backplane for systems having optical functionality and can find use in data center and high-performance data transmission applications.

Embodiments disclosed therein generally pertain to selectively strengthening glass. More particularly, techniques are described for selectively strengthening cover glass, which tends to be thin, for electronic devices, namely, portable electronic devices.

Embodiments disclosed therein generally pertain to selectively strengthening glass. More particularly, techniques are described for selectively strengthening cover glass, which tends to be thin, for electronic devices, namely, portable electronic devices.

Asymmetrically strengthened glass articles, methods for producing the same, and use of the articles in portable electronic device is disclosed. Using a budgeted amount of compressive stress and tensile stress, asymmetric chemical strengthening is optimized for the utility of a glass article. In some aspects, the strengthened glass article can be designed for reduced damage, or damage propagation, when dropped.

A strengthened glass manufacturing apparatus and a strengthened glass manufacturing method are provided. The strengthened glass manufacturing apparatus includes a strengthening chamber including a first chamber having a first space, a preheating chamber including a second chamber having a second space, the second space being different from the first space, and a first induction coil in the preheating chamber.

A method of performing an ion exchange process by immersing a glass sheet into a salt bath at a first temperature for a first period of time such that ions within the glass sheet proximate to a surface thereof are exchanged for larger ions from the salt bath, thereby producing a compressive stress (CS) at the surface of the glass sheet, a depth of compressive layer (DOL) into the glass sheet, and a central tension (CT) within the glass sheet. The ion exchange process can be driven using electricity to reduce the first temperature and first period of time to a second temperature and second period of time, respectively.

The object of the present invention is to provide novel glass. Chemically tempered crystallized glass obtained by chemically tempering crystallized glass to be chemically tempered, wherein the absolute value of the maximum voltage measured is 1950 V or more when corona discharge is generated under a voltage applied of 10 kV and the chemically tempered crystallized glass is charged for 30 seconds, measured by a static honest meter.

A method of forming a graphene device includes: providing a glass substrate with a blocking layer disposed thereon to form a stack; providing a first electrode and a second electrode; increasing the temperature of the stack to at least 100 C.; applying an external electric field (V.sub.P) to the first electrode such that at least one metal ion of the glass substrate migrates toward the first electrode to create a depletion region in the glass substrate adjacent the second electrode; decreasing the temperature of the stack to room temperature while applying the external electric field to the first electrode; and after reaching room temperature, setting the external electric field to zero to create a frozen voltage region adjacent the second electrode.

A glass substrate with modified surface regions is disclosed. The glass substrate includes an alkali-containing bulk, a first alkali-depleted region, a second alkali-depleted region, and a first ion-exchanged region. The alkali-containing bulk has a first surface and a second surface with the first and second surfaces on opposite sides. The first alkali-depleted region extends into the alkali-containing bulk from the first surface. The second alkali-depleted region extends into the alkali-containing bulk from the second surface. The first ion-exchanged region extends into the alkali-containing bulk from the first surface. The first alkali-depleted region, the second alkali-depleted region, and the first ion-exchanged region each have a substantially homogenous composition. A method of forming the glass substrate is disclosed. The method includes simultaneously forming the first alkali-depleted region and the first ion-exchanged region in the first surface. The method also includes near-simultaneously forming the second alkali-depleted region in the second surface.