A glass includes the following components in the specified proportions (in % by weight): 50-80% SiO.sub.2, 2-30% B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-5% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-10% CaO, 0-10% BaO, 0-5% Li.sub.2O, 0-20% Na.sub.2O, 1-25% K.sub.2O, and 5-30% ΣR.sub.2O. R.sub.2O includes at least one alkali metal oxide. The glass includes at least one first solarization component and at least one second solarization component. A proportion of the first solarization component in the glass is in a range from 0.01 to <1.0 ppm (by weight) and a proportion of the second solarization component in the glass is in a range from 1000 to 10,000 ppm (by weight).

A textured glass article includes: a body comprising an aluminosilicate glass comprising greater than or equal to 16 wt % Al.sub.2O.sub.3, the body having at least a first surface; a plurality of dendritic surface features extending from the first surface, each of the plurality of dendritic surface features comprising a base on the first surface and a surface feature size at the base greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 350 μm; and a transmittance haze greater than or equal to 50%.

An optical fiber according to an embodiment includes a core, a cladding, and a coating layer. At the boundary between the core and the cladding, the local sound velocity decreases in the direction from the core side toward the cladding side. At least in the cladding, the local sound velocity changes continuously in a radial direction. Further, the line width of the Brillouin gain of the light beam guided by the fundamental mode is 60 MHz or more.

A method for producing rare earth metal-doped quartz glass includes the steps of (a) providing a blank of the rare earth metal-doped quartz glass, and (b) homogenizing the blank by softening the blank zone by zone in a heating zone and by twisting the softened zone along a rotation axis. Some rare earth metals, however, show a discoloration of the quartz glass, which hints at an unforeseeable and undesired change in the chemical composition or possibly at an inhomogeneous distribution of the dopants. To avoid this drawback and to provide a modified method which ensures the production of rare earth metal-doped quartz glass with reproducible properties, during homogenization according to method step (b), the blank is softened under the action of an oxidizingly acting or a neutral plasma.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a glass pharmaceutical package with unique composition. The pharmaceutical package includes a glass container with a first and second surface, the first surface being an outer surface of the glass container. The glass container is formed from a borosilicate glass composition, the glass composition including: at least 75 mol % SiO.sub.2; at least 10 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3; and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 in an amount such that sum of SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2O.sub.3, and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is at least 90 mol %. The glass container has at least two of the following: a hydrolytic resistance of class HGA 1 according to ISO 720:1985, a base resistance of class A1 or class A2 according to ISO 695:1991, and an acid resistance of class S2 or class S1 according to DIN 12116 (2001).

A glass for a pharmaceutical container of the present invention contains, as a glass composition, in terms of mol %, 70% to 85% of SiO.sub.2, 3% to 13% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to 5% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0.1% to 18% of Li.sub.2O+Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O, and 0% to 10% of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO, in which a molar ratio (Li.sub.2O+Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O)/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is 1 or more and a molar ratio (Li.sub.2O+Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O+MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO—Al.sub.2O.sub.3)/(SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3) is 0.2 or less.

One aspect relates to a process for the preparation of a quartz glass body. The process includes providing a silicon dioxide granulate from a pyrogenically produced silicon dioxide powder, making a glass melt out of silicon dioxide granulate, and making a quartz glass body out of at least part of the glass melt. The size of the quartz glass body is reduced to obtain a quartz glass grain. The quartz glass body is processed to make a preform and an opaque quartz glass body is made from the preform. One aspect further relates to an opaque quartz glass body which is obtainable by this process. One aspect further relates to a reactor and an arrangement, which are each obtainable by further processing of the opaque quartz glass body.

Glass-based articles that include a reduced Youngs modulus layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of layer and an optional compressive stress layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of compression are formed by exposing glass-based substrates to water vapor containing environments. The methods of forming the glass-based articles may include elevated pressures and/or multiple exposures to water vapor containing environments. The glass-based articles may be utilized in foldable or flexible electronic devices.

One aspect relates to a process for the preparation of a quartz glass body. The process includes providing a silicon dioxide granulate I prepared from a pyrogenically produced silicon dioxide powder, treating the silicon dioxide granulate I with a reactant at a temperature in a range from 1000 to 1300° C., and making a glass melt out of the silicon dioxide granulate. A quartz glass body is made out of at least a part of the glass melt. Furthermore, one aspect relates to a quartz glass body obtainable by this process. Furthermore, one aspect relates to a light guide, an illuminant, and a formed body, each of which is obtainable by further processing of the quartz glass body. One aspect additionally relates to a process for the preparation of a silicon dioxide granulate II.

Doped quartz glass components for use in a plasma-assisted manufacturing process contain at least one dopant which is capable of reacting with fluorine to form a fluoride compound, and the fluoride compound has a boiling point higher than that of SiF.sub.4. The doped quartz glass component has high dry-etch resistance and low particle formation, and has uniform etch removal when used in a plasma-assisted manufacturing process. The doped quartz glass has a microhomogeneity defined by (a) a surface roughness with an R.sub.a value of less than 20 nm after the surface has been subjected to a dry-etching procedure as specified in the description, or (b) a dopant distribution with a lateral concentration profile in which maxima of the dopant concentration are at an average distance apart of less than 30 μm.