A glass element has, per kg of glass, 50 or fewer inclusions having a size of 2 μm to 10 μm. The glass element can be made of borosilicate glass.

A glass article is designed at least in part in the form of a glass tube element including at least one shell which encloses at least one lumen. For at least one light transmission analysis of the glass article, a ratio of an average amplitude transmission factor and a specific amplitude transmission factor is greater than 1.00001.

Methods of enhanced ion exchange (IOX) include exposing a substrate to a bath mixture that includes a second salt dissolved in a first salt, the second salt includes the same metal ion as the first salt with an anion different from the first salt. The first salts are conventional nitrate salts into which one or more second salts, for example, carbonate, sulfate, chloride, fluorine, borate, or phosphate salts are dissolved. The second salts remain at or below their solubility limits in the first salts. Any poisoning ions remain at or below their solubility limits in the bath mixture. Glass-based articles made therefrom and electronic devices incorporating the glass-based articles are also disclosed.

Glass-based articles are manufactured by a unique ion exchange process that results in glass-based articles having improved stress profiles with higher stress values at moderate depths. A medium of the ion exchange process includes ions of two or more alkali metals of two or more alkali metal oxides in a base composition of a glass-based substrate in a ratio such that ions of each alkali metal are in chemical equilibrium with each of the respective alkali metals of the alkali metal oxides in the base glass composition.

Glass compositions having from 50 to 80 mol % SiO.sub.2, less than or equal to 25 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3, from 6.5 to 10.0 mol % Li.sub.2O and, optionally, other components, such as alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, zinc oxide, phosphorus oxides, rare earth metal oxides, boron oxide, and small amounts of other species, such as titania, zirconia, and tin oxide. The glass compositions are characterized by zero or positive values of the ratios, in terms of mol %: Al.sub.2O.sub.3−ΣR.sub.2O≥0, or Al.sub.2O.sub.3−ΣR.sub.2O−ΣRO≥0, or Al.sub.2O.sub.3−ΣR.sub.2O−ΣRO—P.sub.2O.sub.5≥0, where R.sub.2O means alkali metal oxides and RO means divalent metal oxides. The glass compositions may have a liquidus viscosity greater than or equal to 1000 Poises to less than or equal to 300,000 Poises.

Glass-based articles comprise stress profiles providing improved drop performance. A glass-based substrate comprises: a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g), a liquid fragility index (m), and fictive temperature (T.sub.f), wherein T.sub.g is less than or equal to 650° C., a value of T.sub.f minus T.sub.g is greater than or equal to −30° C., and m is greater than or equal to 25. A stress relaxation rate is greater than or equal to 10%, or 20% or more. The articles can comprise a lithium-based aluminosilicate composition and a fracture toughness that is greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa*m.sup.0.5. The stress profiles comprise: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; and a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article, the tail region comprising: a negative curvature region wherein a second derivative of stress as a function of depth is negative; a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.22t, and a parabolic region originating at the DOC and extending to the center of the glass-based article.

Glass-based articles comprise stress profiles providing improved drop performance. A glass-based substrate comprises: a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g), a liquid fragility index (m), and fictive temperature (T.sub.f), wherein T.sub.g is less than or equal to 650° C., a value of T.sub.f minus T.sub.g is greater than or equal to −30° C., and m is greater than or equal to 25. A stress relaxation rate is greater than or equal to 10%, or 20% or more. The articles can comprise a lithium-based aluminosilicate composition and a fracture toughness that is greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa*m.sup.0.5. The stress profiles comprise: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; and a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article, the tail region comprising: a negative curvature region wherein a second derivative of stress as a function of depth is negative; a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.22 t, and a parabolic region originating at the DOC and extending to the center of the glass-based article.

Laminated articles and layered articles, for example, low alkali glass laminated articles and layered articles useful for, for example, electrochromic devices are described.

Provided is a glass composition comprising a glass frit containing P.sub.2O.sub.5, BaO, ZnO, group I-based oxide and group II-based oxide, wherein the P.sub.2O.sub.5 is contained in an amount of 20 wt % to 55 wt % based on a total weight of the glass frit, wherein each of the BaO and ZnO is contained in an amount of 2 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the glass frit, wherein the group I-based oxide is contained in an amount of 5 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the glass frit, wherein the group II-based oxide is contained in an amount of 1 to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the glass frit.

A method of producing flint glass using submerged combustion melting involves introducing a vitrifiable feed material into a glass melt contained within a submerged combustion melter. The vitrifiable feed material is formulated to provide the glass melt with a glass chemical composition suitable for producing flint glass articles. To that end, the glass melt comprises a total iron content expressed as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 in an amount ranging from 0.04 wt % to 0.06 wt % and also has a redox ratio that ranges from 0.1 to 0.4, and the vitrifiable feed material further includes between 0.008 wt % and 0.016 wt % of selenium or between 0.1 wt % and 0.2 wt % of manganese oxide in order to achieve an appropriate content of selenium or manganese oxide in the glass melt.