A window unit (e.g., insulating glass (IG) window unit) is designed to reduce bird collisions therewith. The window unit may include two or three substrates and at least one of the substrates supports an ultraviolet (UV) reflecting coating. The UV reflecting coating may be patterned by a laser (e.g., femto laser) which is used to either entirely or partially remove (e.g., via laser ablation) a portion of the coating in a pattern, so that after patterning by the laser the patterned coating is either not provided across the entirety of the window unit and/or is non-uniform in UV reflection across the window unit so that the UV reflection differs across different areas of the window thereby making the window unit more visible to birds which can see UV radiation and detect that pattern.

Provided is a polarizing plate having a wire grid structure, comprising a transparent substrate, a first antireflection film laminated on the first surface of the transparent substrate, a plurality of protrusions protruding from the first antireflection film, a second antireflection layer laminated on a second surface opposite to the first surface, wherein the plurality of protrusions are periodically arranged at a pitch shorter than a wavelength of light in a use band, each of the protrusions extends in in a first direction and includes a reflective layer, a dielectric layer, and an absorption layer in order from the first direction, and both the first antireflection layer and the second antireflection layer have high refractive index layers and low refractive index layers that are alternately laminated.

An optical lens with an antireflective film includes: a lens substrate; and an antireflective film disposed on the lens substrate. The antireflective film is formed of layers each having a physical thickness of 140 nm or less. In order from an air side, the antireflective film has: a first layer formed as an MgF.sub.2 layer, a second layer, a fourth layer, a sixth layer, an eighth layer, and a tenth layer each having a refractive index of 2.0 or more and 2.3 or less, and a third layer, a fifth layer, a seventh layer, and a ninth layer each formed as an SiO.sub.2 layer.

An optical lens with an antireflective film includes: a lens substrate; and an antireflective film disposed on the lens substrate. The antireflective film is formed of layers each having a physical thickness of 140 nm or less. In order from an air side, the antireflective film has: a first layer formed as an MgF.sub.2 layer, a second layer, a fourth layer, a sixth layer, an eighth layer, and a tenth layer each having a refractive index of 2.0 or more and 2.3 or less, and a third layer, a fifth layer, a seventh layer, and a ninth layer each formed as an SiO.sub.2 layer.

To provide a manufacturing method of a phase difference element which is superior in moisture resistance. After forming an optically anisotropic layer by way of oblique vapor deposition on a substrate, the optically anisotropic layer is covered by a protective layer made by depositing an inorganic compound by way of an atomic layer deposition method. More specifically, established is a manufacturing method of a phase difference element containing a transparent substrate, optically anisotropic layer containing a birefringent film and a protective layer, the method including: an optically anisotropic layer formation step of forming an optically anisotropic layer by forming a birefringent film by way of oblique vapor deposition; and a protective layer formation step of forming a protective layer by depositing an inorganic compound by way of an atomic layer deposition method.

Provided are a wavelength conversion member having high light extraction efficiency and excellent luminescence intensity and a light emitting device using the wavelength conversion member. A wavelength conversion member 1 containing a phosphor and having a plate-like shape includes a light entrance surface 1a and a light exit surface 1b opposite to the light entrance surface 1a, wherein Ra.sub.in is 0.01 to 0.05 m and Ra.sub.outRa.sub.in is 0.01 to 0.2 m where Ra.sub.in represents a surface roughness of the light entrance surface la and Ra.sub.out represents a surface roughness of the light exit surface 1b.

There is provided a glass article using an ultraviolet absorbing glass substrate, the glass article suppressing solarization and exhibiting a high visible light transmittance. A glass article, comprising a glass substrate absorbing light at a wavelength of 250 to 400 nm from the surface and an antireflection film provided on at least one surface of the glass substrate, wherein the glass article has an ultraviolet irradiation degradation degree (X) of 1.5% or less, wherein the ultraviolet irradiation degradation degree (X) is T.sub.0T.sub.1, where T.sub.0 is an average transmittance of light at the wavelength of 250 to 400 nm from a surface of the antireflection film in an initial state, and T.sub.1 is an average transmittance of light at the wavelength of 250 to 400 nm from the surface of the antireflection film after irradiating the surface of the antireflection film with ultraviolet rays for one hour.

A system for creating targeted vanadium oxide (VO.sub.2) nanoparticle compositions comprising a stock reaction mixture that is a fluid combination of at least one vanadium source combined with at least one dopant source. Each dopant source contains at least one target dopant element. The ratio of the number of vanadium atoms in the vanadium source to the number of target dopant element atoms in the dopant source is less than or equal to 10:1. A solvent that is compatible with said stock reaction mixture is selected. A pressure regulator increases the pressure of the solvent and the stock reaction mixture to between 0 and 5,000 psi. A heating element increases the temperature of the solvent to between 50 and 500 C. A mixing unit receives and mixes a continuous flow of stock reaction mixture with solvent to heat the stock reaction mixture and initiate formation of the targeted vanadium oxide (VO.sub.2) nanoparticle composition.

Provided is a polarizing plate having a wire grid structure, comprising a transparent substrate, a first antireflection film laminated on the first surface of the transparent substrate, a plurality of protrusions protruding from the first antireflection film, a second antireflection layer laminated on a second surface opposite to the first surface, wherein the plurality of protrusions are periodically arranged at a pitch shorter than a wavelength of light in a use band, each of the protrusions extends in in a first direction and includes a reflective layer, a dielectric layer, and an absorption layer in order from the first direction, and both the first antireflection layer and the second antireflection layer have high refractive index layers and low refractive index layers that are alternately laminated.

The present invention provides scalable, solution based processes for manufacturing electrochromic materials comprising metal oxide films for use in electrochromic devices. The electrochromic material comprises a transparent conductive substrate coated with an electrochromic metal oxide film, wherein the metal oxide film is formed by a process comprising the steps of: a) providing the conductive substrate; b) coating the substrate with a solution of one or more metal precursors; and c) exposing the coated substrate to near-infrared radiation, UV radiation and/or ozone in an aerobic atmosphere. The present invention also provides electrochromic devices incorporating these electrochromic materials.