Compositions and methods for improved materials and material laminates with graphitic or inorganic/organic nanomaterials are presented. Graphitic or inorganic/organic nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphenes or graphene oxides, are introduced into an aqueous composition as fillers to provide a graphitic or inorganic/organic nanocomposite. Such composition may be used as laminates to improve adhesion between a film and a layer of material or between layers of materials and to increase not only strength properties, but also to provide other desired properties such as electronic properties, UV absorbing/blocking, optical-limiting, anti-reflective, fire-retardant, conducting, anti-microbial properties or pigmentation to say material. By tailoring the composite formulations with multiple graphitic or organic/inorganic nanomaterials, the resulting materials laminates become multifunctional and can be used for a variety of applications.

A method of coating a substrate is disclosed. The method comprising the steps of that includes providing a substrate having a first surface, providing a particle based coating composition comprising particles, applying the coating composition to at least a part of the first surface of the substrate, and converting the particle based coating composition on the first surface of the substrate into a functional coating having a thickness of 50 nm to 25 μmas measured along across section in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), wherein the particle based coating composition comprises nanoparticle, and converting the particle based coating composition involves a high intensity energy source heating at least a part of the coating composition, wherein the high intensity energy source is selected from the group of certain CO2 lasers and flame arrays. Furthermore an apparatus for preparing a coating is disclosed.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a transparent product which has an anti-glare surface having a surface shape which makes it possible to lower the haze value thereof and to obtain an excellent glare-suppressing effect. The transparent product has a transparent substrate 11 equipped with an anti-glare surface. The surface shape of the anti-glare surface is shaped in a manner such that the ratio (r.sub.0/r.sub.0.2) of the autocorrelation length (r.sub.0), which is the minimum value of the distance r at which the autocorrelation function g(r) represented by formula (1) is 0, to the autocorrelation length (r.sub.0.2), which is the minimum value of the distance r at which the autocorrelation function g(r) is 0.2, is 2 or higher. The autocorrelation function g(r) is obtained by converting the autocorrelation function g(t.sub.x, t.sub.y) obtained by normalizing the surface shape z(x, y) of the antiglare surface to polar coordinates (t.sub.x=r cos Φ, t.sub.y=r sin Φ), and averaging the angle direction. $\begin{array}{c}g\left(r\right)=\frac{1}{2\pi }{\int }_0^{2\pi }d\varnothing .Math.g(r\end{array}$

A glass member includes a recessed portion, wherein in cross-sectional view, an angle formed between a principal surface of the glass member and an edge face of an opening of the recessed portion is 90 degrees to 130 degrees.

A treating liquid vaporizing apparatus includes a buffer tank for storing a treating liquid, a vaporizing container connected to the buffer tank for vaporizing the treating liquid, a further vaporizing container connected to the buffer tank in parallel with the vaporizing container for vaporizing the treating liquid, a switch valve for opening and closing a flow path of the treating liquid between the buffer tank and the vaporizing container, and a switch valve for opening and closing a flow path of the treating liquid between the buffer tank and the further vaporizing container.

The present invention provides, in various embodiments, compositions and methods for strengthening glass without heat or chemical processing of the glass itself. The compositions of the present invention are emulsions comprising polymer colloid particles that are functionalized with an organosilicon compound. The polymer colloid particles can fill surface defects in the glass due to their size being smaller than the surface defects, and the functional groups thereon can react with the surface of the glass to anchor the particles in the defects.

A mirror includes a transparent substrate, a metallic reflecting layer and a protective layer on the back of the mirror, in which at least one barrier layer to corrosive agents with a thickness after drying of less than 1 μm is located between the metallic reflecting layer and the protective layer, the barrier layer being a layer based on metal alkoxides, oxides, phosphates or sulfides and on organic resin, the alkoxides, oxides, phosphates or sulfides being chosen from titanium or zirconium alkoxides or oxides, tin or zinc oxides, zinc, manganese or tin phosphates and zinc sulfide, alone or as a mixture.

Various embodiments provide an article including a substrate and a coating thereon including a functionalized fluorine containing compound crosslinked with a multifunctional siloxane resin. A method of forming the article includes applying a multifunctional siloxane resin to a substrate, applying a functionalized fluorine containing compound to the substrate, and annealing the multifunctional siloxane resin and the functionalized fluorine containing compound.

A method for preparation of a self-cleaning coating solution is provided. The method comprises mixing an aluminium compound with a solution of an ethanol compound to form a solution. Further, the formed solution is subjected to a first magnetic stirring. After the first magnetic stirring a first transparent solution is formed. Further, a stabilizing agent is added to the first transparent solution of the aluminium compound and the ethanol compound. Subsequent to adding the stabilizing agent a translucent solution is formed. Finally, the formed translucent solution is subjected to a second magnetic stirring for forming a homogeneous second transparent solution. The formed second transparent solution is a coating solution

An infrared absorbing material fine particle dispersion liquid including infrared absorbing material fine particles and a solvent, the infrared absorbing material fine particles containing fine particles of composite tungsten oxide represented by a general formula MxWOy, the solvent containing water, wherein an absolute value of a zeta potential of the infrared absorbing material fine particle dispersion liquid is 5 mV or more and 100 mV or less.