Disclosed herein is a transparent photothermal composition, which includes nonstoichiometric copper sulfide (Cu.sub.2-xS, 0<x1) nanoparticles dispersed in an acrylic resin, wherein the Cu.sub.2-xS (0<x1) nanoparticles are nanorods independently having an aspect ratio ranged from 2.2 to 3.6 and exhibit at least 95% absorption of a near-infrared (NIR) light ranged from 800 to 1,100 nm. Also disclosed herein are methods of producing the transparent photothermal composition and uses of the transparent photothermal composition in protecting a glass substrate from icing in a cold surrounding.

A self-filling method for high-aspect-ratio microvias of a substrate is provided, in which the substrate is activated with a coupling agent; a pasty nano-filler is applied onto a surface of the substrate, where the microvias in the substrate are self-filled with the pasty nano-filler through capillary action, the pasty nano-filler has a wetting angle of 30, and each of the microvias has an aspect ratio of 5-500:1 and a diameter of 1-100 m; and the coated substrate is subjected to sintering treatment.

The present invention deals with a formulation comprising at least one ethoxylated C.sub.13-C.sub.19 sorbitan monoester, saturated or not; and carnauba wax. Furthermore, the present invention pertains to a coating dilution comprising said formulation and the use of the formulation or of the coating dilution as a cold-end coating on a glass-container.