To provide an article with a water and oil repellent layer, which is excellent in friction resistance.

The article with a water and oil repellent layer of the present invention comprises a substrate, a water and oil repellent layer consisting of a hydrolyzed condensation product of a compound represented by the formula [A-(OX).sub.m-].sub.jY.sup.1[—Si(R).sub.nL.sub.3-n].sub.g, and a silicon oxide layer containing alkali metal atoms that exists between the substrate and the water and oil repellent layer, wherein the average value of the concentration of alkali metal atoms in a predetermined area in the silicon oxide layer is at least a predetermined value. In the formula, X is a fluoroalkylene group, m is at least 2, j, g, and k are at least 1, and Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are linking groups, R is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, L is a hydrolyzable group or hydroxy group, n is 0 to 2, A is a perfluoroalkyl group or —Y.sup.2[—Si(R).sub.nL.sub.3-n].sub.n. When A is —Y.sup.2[—Si(R).sub.nL.sub.3-n].sub.k, j is 1, and when A is a perfluoroalkyl group and j is 1, g is at least 2.

The present invention relates to silicon coated metal microparticles in which at least a part of a surface of a metal microparticle composed of at least one of metal elements or metalloid elements is coated with silicon, wherein the silicon coated metal microparticles are a product obtained by a reduction treatment of silicon compound coated precursor microparticles in which at least a part of a surface of a precursor microparticle containing a precursor of the metal microparticles is coated with a silicon compound, or silicon doped precursor microparticles containing a precursor of the metal microparticles. Because it is possible particularly to strictly control a particle diameter of the silicon compound coated metal microparticle by controlling conditions of the reduction treatment, design of a more appropriate composition can become facilitated, compared with a conventional composition, in terms of diversified usages and desired properties of silicon compound coated metal microparticles.

The present disclosure provides a member having a porous layer containing particles and having a low refractive index and high film strength and a coating liquid for forming a porous layer containing particles, wherein the porous layer contains a plurality of silicon oxide particles bound by an inorganic binder and at least one acid.

A process for depositing on a glass substrate a mineral functional layer or stack, includes depositing on the substrate a laser-crosslinkable organic photosensitive resin liquid composition, locally crosslinking the resin by a laser, removing the non-crosslinked liquid composition, depositing on the substrate thus coated a mineral functional layer or stack, and then performing combustion of the crosslinked solid resin via a heat treatment, completing its removal and that of the mineral layer or stack via a mechanical action, so as to obtain the mineral layer or stack in a pattern corresponding to the negative of that made with the crosslinked solid resin.

Provided are a resin composition including a coloring material, a resin, and a solvent, in which, in a case where a film having a thickness of 0.60 μm is formed by heating the resin composition at 200° C. for 30 minutes, a rate of change ΔA in an absorbance of the film after performing a heating treatment of the film at 300° C. for 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, which is represented by Expression (1), is 50% or less; a film formed of the resin composition; a color filter; a solid-state imaging element; and an image display device. In the following expression, ΔA is the rate of change in the absorbance of the film after the heating treatment, A1 is a maximum value of an absorbance of the film before the heating treatment in a wavelength range of 400 to 1100 nm, and A2 is an absorbance of the film after the heating treatment, and is an absorbance at a wavelength showing the maximum value of the absorbance of the film before the heating treatment in a wavelength range of 400 to 1100 nm.

ΔA=|100−(A2/A1)×100|  (1)

A corrosion-resistant coated glass substrate suitable for use in a humid environment and a process for producing same, the process comprising providing a soda lime silica glass substrate, providing a liquid coating composition comprising a polysilazane at a concentration of between 0.5% and 80% by weight, contacting one or both surfaces of the glass substrate directly with the coating composition, and curing the coating composition thereby forming a corrosion-resistant coated glass substrate having a silica layer on one or both sides of the glass substrate with a thickness of from 12 nm to 300 nm.

Described herein are optically transparent and semipermeable windows composed of at least one layer of an amorphous crosslinked fluorinated copolymer. Also disclosed are a process and apparatus for three-dimensional continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) printing using the windows described herein. The amorphous crosslinked fluorinated copolymers have improved mechanical properties, thereby reducing the susceptibility of the window to brittle failures such as cracking and crack propagation. The gas permeable windows have superior durability and reliability compared with other available structures and compositions.

With an aim to provide an oxide particle with controlled color characteristics, the present invention provides a method for producing an oxide particle, wherein the color characteristics of the oxide particle are controlled by controlling a M-OH bond/M-O bond ratio, which is a ratio of a M-OH bond between an element (M) and a hydroxide group (OH) to a ratio of an M-O bond between the element (M) and oxygen (O), where the element (M) is one or plural different elements other than oxygen or hydrogen included in the oxide particle selected from metal oxide particles and semi-metal oxide particles. According to the present invention, by controlling the M-OH bond/M-O bond ratio of the metal oxide particle or the semi-metal oxide particle, the oxide particle with controlled color characteristics of any of reflectance, transmittance, molar absorption coefficient, hue, and saturation can be provided.

A fluorinated compound and a fluorinated compound-containing composition which enable formation of a surface layer having high friction resistance and fingerprint marks removability even if the fluorinated compound has a fluorinated organic group having a shorter chain are provided. A coating liquid, an article including the surface layer on its surface, and a method of producing the same are also provided.

A fluorinated compound represented by [(R.sup.f-A-).sub.2N-].sub.a1Q.sup.1[-T].sub.b1 (wherein R.sup.f: a fluoroalkyl group or a group having —O— between carbon atoms of a fluoroalkyl group having two or more carbon atoms, A: a divalent organic group having no fluorine atom, Q.sup.1: a a1+b1 valent organic group, T: —Si(R).sub.3-c(L).sub.c, R: an alkyl group, L: a hydrolyzable group or a hydroxyl group, a1: an integer of 1 or more, b1: an integer of 2 or more, and c: 2 or 3).

All inorganic perovskites for short-wave IR (SWIR) devices having improved chemical stability and long-term stability. Improved methods of making all inorganic perovskites for short-wave IR (SWIR) devices are also disclosed herein.