The invention relates to a calcium sulfoaluminate cement, whereby it contains at least 90% by weight % C4A3$ in crystalline or amorphous form or as a mixture of crystalline and has amorphous parts.

The present invention pertains to a process for producing captured carbon dioxide. Calcium carbonate may be reacted with sulfur dioxide to produce calcium sulfite and gaseous carbon dioxide. Calcium sulfite may be thermally decomposed to produce gaseous sulfur dioxide. The processes may be used in conjunction with combusting various fuels such as a carbonaceous fuel, or a sulfurous fuel, or a nitrogenous fuel, or a hydrogen fuel, or a combination thereof.

The invention relates to a calcium sulfoaluminate cement, whereby it contains at least 90% by weight % C4A3$ in crystalline or amorphous form or as a mixture of crystalline and has amorphous parts.

An apparatus and method to efficiently recover noble metals such as gold, silver and copper and aluminum from incineration ash, and effectively use ash after recovering the noble metals and others. An incineration ash treatment apparatus 1 including: a crusher for crushing an incineration ash A1 to be less or equal to 5 mm in maximum particle diameter, or/and a classifier for classifying an incineration ash to obtain an incineration ash whose maximum particle diameter is less or equal to 5 mm; an eddy current separator 8 for separating an incineration ash whose maximum particle diameter is less or equal to 5 mm discharged from the crusher or/and the classifier into a conductor E and a nonconductor I; a specific gravity separator for separating a conductor discharged from the eddy current separator 8 into a high gravity material H2 and a low gravity material L2. The specific gravity separator can be an air table 10. A classifier for classifying a crushed material C, classifying point of which is 5 mm or less, can be mounted, and fine particles P whose particle diameters are 5 mm or less discharged from the classifier can be fed to the eddy current separator 8. Rotation speed of a drum of the eddy current separator 8 can be 4000 rpm or more.

An apparatus and method to efficiently recover noble metals such as gold, silver and copper and aluminum from incineration ash, and effectively use ash after recovering the noble metals and others. An incineration ash treatment apparatus 1 including: a crusher for crushing an incineration ash A1 to be less or equal to 5 mm in maximum particle diameter, or/and a classifier for classifying an incineration ash to obtain an incineration ash whose maximum particle diameter is less or equal to 5 mm; an eddy current separator 8 for separating an incineration ash whose maximum particle diameter is less or equal to 5 mm discharged from the crusher or/and the classifier into a conductor E and a nonconductor I; a specific gravity separator for separating a conductor discharged from the eddy current separator 8 into a high gravity material H2 and a low gravity material L2. The specific gravity separator can be an air table 10. A classifier for classifying a crushed material C, classifying point of which is 5 mm or less, can be mounted, and fine particles P whose particle diameters are 5 mm or less discharged from the classifier can be fed to the eddy current separator 8. Rotation speed of a drum of the eddy current separator 8 can be 4000 rpm or more.

A method of preparing a cement hydration product nano-thin film, the method including: (1) preparing a cement hydration product; (2) preparing a water sacrificial layer film; (3) depositing the cement hydration product obtained in (1) on the surface of the water sacrificial layer film obtained in (2) to obtain a cement hydration product film; and (4) immersing the cement hydration product film in a saturated aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide to dissolve the water sacrificial layer film to obtain a nano-thin film of the cement hydration product.

A method of preparing a cement hydration product nano-thin film, the method including: (1) preparing a cement hydration product; (2) preparing a water sacrificial layer film; (3) depositing the cement hydration product obtained in (1) on the surface of the water sacrificial layer film obtained in (2) to obtain a cement hydration product film; and (4) immersing the cement hydration product film in a saturated aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide to dissolve the water sacrificial layer film to obtain a nano-thin film of the cement hydration product.

The present invention pertains to a process for producing captured carbon dioxide. Calcium carbonate may be reacted with sulfur dioxide to produce calcium sulfite and gaseous carbon dioxide. Calcium sulfite may be thermally decomposed to produce gaseous sulfur dioxide. The processes may be used in conjunction with combusting various fuels such as a carbonaceous fuel, or a sulfurous fuel, or a nitrogenous fuel, or a hydrogen fuel, or a combination thereof.

The present invention pertains to processes of, for example, preparing zinc oxide and other substances. In one embodiment an exemplary process pertains to reacting ammonium chloride with zinc oxide to form a zinc chloride, gaseous ammonia, and gaseous water vapor. The zinc chloride may be reacted with sulfuric acid to form a zinc sulfate and hydrochloric acid. The zinc sulfate may be decomposed to produce zinc oxide among other substances.

Various examples related to portland cement manufacturing using municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash are provided. In one example, a method includes providing a raw kiln feed including MSWI to a kiln, forming ash-amended clinker (ACK) by heating the raw kiln feed in the kiln, and preparing ash-amended cement (AAC) from the ACK. The MSWI bottom ash can make up about 5% by mass or less of the raw kiln feed. The ACK can have a chemical composition that meets ASTM C150/ASTM C595, and the AAC can include arsenic, barium, copper, and lead consistent with defined Soil Cleanup Target Levels. In another example, a system includes a kiln, a kiln feed system that supplies raw kiln feed including MSWI bottom ash to the kiln, and a finish mill that grinds ACK formed by heating the raw kiln feed in the kiln to form AAC.