Methods of subterranean cementing involving cement compositions comprising particulate foamed elastomers and associated methods are provided. In one embodiment, the methods comprise introducing a cement composition into a subterranean location, wherein the cement composition comprises a hydraulic cement, a particulate foamed elastomer, and an aqueous fluid; and allowing the cement composition to set in the subterranean location.

Methods of subterranean cementing involving cement compositions comprising particulate foamed elastomers and associated methods are provided. In one embodiment, the methods comprise introducing a cement composition into a subterranean location, wherein the cement composition comprises a hydraulic cement, a particulate foamed elastomer, and an aqueous fluid; and allowing the cement composition to set in the subterranean location.

Beneficial use structures are disclosed that include coal combustion residuals (CCR) mixed with water and a binder to form a structural material, and adapted to be compacted for use in the formation of the beneficial use structure. Various structures having beneficial uses are described, including compressed air storage facilities and a pumped hydroelectric facility, including such a facility adapted for use with a lock system of a waterway.

Beneficial use structures are disclosed that include coal combustion residuals (CCR) mixed with water and a binder to form a structural material and adapted to be compacted for use in the formation of the beneficial use structure. Various structures having beneficial uses described, including survival bunkers, composting pits, mine reclamation encapsulation and carbon sequestration facilities, water storage facilities, compressed air storage facilities, carbon sequestration/mineral carbonation facilities and a pumped hydroelectric facility adapted for use with a lock system of a waterway.

A powdered polyurethane, preferably a powdered recycled polyurethane rigid foam is co-dried with a water insoluble film-forming polymer to obtain a redispersible polymer powder composite for use in hydraulic binders or cementitious compositions to improve performance of cementitious compositions or mortar, in applications such as cement based the adhesives (CBTA), or external thermal insulating composite systems (ETICS).

A powdered polyurethane, preferably a powdered recycled polyurethane rigid foam is co-dried with a water insoluble film-forming polymer to obtain a redispersible polymer powder composite for use in hydraulic binders or cementitious compositions to improve performance of cementitious compositions or mortar, in applications such as cement based the adhesives (CBTA), or external thermal insulating composite systems (ETICS).

Beneficial use structures are disclosed that include coal combustion residuals (CCR) mixed with water and a binder to form a structural material and adapted to be compacted for use in the formation of the beneficial use structure. Various structures having beneficial uses described, including survival bunkers, composting pits, mine reclamation encapsulation and carbon sequestration facilities, water storage facilities, compressed air storage facilities, carbon sequestration/mineral carbonation facilities and a pumped hydroelectric facility adapted for use with a lock system of a waterway.

A particulate wetting and hydrophobing additive comprising components a) and b), where: component a) is a disiloxane having structure (I) Where R.sup.2 is selected from a branched or linear hydrocarbon group of 2 to 10 carbons, a substituted branched or substituted linear hydrocarbon group of 2 to 10 carbons, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group and an optionally substituted alkyl hydrocarbon group of 4 to 9 carbons containing aryl substituents of 6 to 20 carbons; R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently selected from the monovalent hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 4 carbons, substituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, aryl, and a hydrocarbon group of 6 to 20 carbons containing an aryl group; Z is a linear or branched divalent hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R.sup.8 is selected from OH, H, monovalent hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 6 carbons and acetyl, each of the subscripts a, b and c are zero or positive provided that a+b+c1; and component b) is a carrier. ##STR00001##

A particulate wetting and hydrophobing additive comprising components a) and b), where: component a) is a disiloxane having structure (I) Where R.sup.2 is selected from a branched or linear hydrocarbon group of 2 to 10 carbons, a substituted branched or substituted linear hydrocarbon group of 2 to 10 carbons, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group and an optionally substituted alkyl hydrocarbon group of 4 to 9 carbons containing aryl substituents of 6 to 20 carbons; R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently selected from the monovalent hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 4 carbons, substituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, aryl, and a hydrocarbon group of 6 to 20 carbons containing an aryl group; Z is a linear or branched divalent hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R.sup.8 is selected from OH, H, monovalent hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 6 carbons and acetyl, each of the subscripts a, b and c are zero or positive provided that a+b+c1; and component b) is a carrier. ##STR00001##

Use of two different methods, either each by itself or in combination, to enhance the stiffness, strength, maximum possible use temperature, and environmental resistance of thermoset polymer particles is disclosed. One method is the application of post-polymerization process steps (and especially heat treatment) to advance the curing reaction and to thus obtain a more densely crosslinked polymer network. The other method is the incorporation of nanofillers, resulting in a heterogeneous nanocomposite morphology. Nanofiller incorporation and post-polymerization heat treatment can also be combined to obtain the benefits of both methods simultaneously. The present invention relates to the development of thermoset nanocomposite particles. Optional further improvement of the heat resistance and environmental resistance of said particles via post-polymerization heat treatment; processes for the manufacture of said particles; and use of said particles in the construction, drilling, completion and/or fracture stimulation of oil and natural gas wells are described.