A well cementation working solution prepared from red mud, slag and waste drilling fluids. The working solution is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of waste drilling fluids, 50-100 parts of slag, 5-50 parts of red mud, 4-7 parts of a suspension stabilizer, 1-7 parts of an activating aid, 0.5-5 parts of an anti-pollution agent and 0.4-3.5 parts of a diluent. The waste drilling fluids are waste waterborne drilling fluids. The slag is blast furnace slag or vanadium-titanium slag. The suspension stabilizer is sodium bentonite, carboxymethyl cellulose or a mixture of sodium bentonite and carboxymethyl cellulose. The activating aid is sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, sodium carbonate or a mixture of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate and sodium carbonate. The anti-pollution agent is sodium salicylate, potassium citrate or a mixture of sodium salicylate and potassium citrate. The diluent is sodium lignin sulfonate.

A well cementation working solution prepared from red mud, slag and waste drilling fluids. The working solution is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of waste drilling fluids, 50-100 parts of slag, 5-50 parts of red mud, 4-7 parts of a suspension stabilizer, 1-7 parts of an activating aid, 0.5-5 parts of an anti-pollution agent and 0.4-3.5 parts of a diluent. The waste drilling fluids are waste waterborne drilling fluids. The slag is blast furnace slag or vanadium-titanium slag. The suspension stabilizer is sodium bentonite, carboxymethyl cellulose or a mixture of sodium bentonite and carboxymethyl cellulose. The activating aid is sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, sodium carbonate or a mixture of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate and sodium carbonate. The anti-pollution agent is sodium salicylate, potassium citrate or a mixture of sodium salicylate and potassium citrate. The diluent is sodium lignin sulfonate.

Described herein are compositions and methods for waste-to-energy ash in engineered aggregate in road construction.

A process for the above ground extraction of crude oil from a solid, oil bearing material. In the process includes the step (a) of mixing a solid, crude oil-bearing material with a solvent to reduce the size of the solid, oil-bearing material and release crude oil into the solvent, step (b) of adding water to the size reduced solid and solvent mixture of step (a) to yield a mixture of crude oil+solvent+water+sized reduced solids, step (c) of passing the mixture of crude oil+solvent+water+sized reduced solids from step (b) through a cyclone separator to remove residual solids and to yield crude oil+solvent; and step (d) of passing the crude oil+solvent mixture of step (c) through a solvent stripper to remove solvent from the crude oil and to yield substantially solids and solvent free crude oil.

A process for the above ground extraction of crude oil from a solid, oil bearing material. In the process includes the step (a) of mixing a solid, crude oil-bearing material with a solvent to reduce the size of the solid, oil-bearing material and release crude oil into the solvent, step (b) of adding water to the size reduced solid and solvent mixture of step (a) to yield a mixture of crude oil+solvent+water+sized reduced solids, step (c) of passing the mixture of crude oil+solvent+water+sized reduced solids from step (b) through a cyclone separator to remove residual solids and to yield crude oil+solvent; and step (d) of passing the crude oil+solvent mixture of step (c) through a solvent stripper to remove solvent from the crude oil and to yield substantially solids and solvent free crude oil.

Methods and systems for calcining dewatered tailings and/or mine waste are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the method comprises (i) processing dewatered tailings comprising clay minerals, (ii) calcining the processed tailings to produced calcined tailings, and (iii) altering a composition and/or one or more characteristics of the calcined tailings to produce a cementitious product. Altering the composition can include blending the calcined tailings with one or more additives, such as lime, dolomitic lime, lime kiln dust, argillaceous limestone, limestone, pulverized quicklime, ground calcium carbonate, quicklime, gypsum, natural pozzolans, artificial pozzolans, water, flow aids, or the like.

A hydrophobic admixture, for cementitious materials such as cement paste, mortar, and concrete, includes solid polymer particles with a coating of hydrophobic agent and surfactant. The solid polymer particles adhere to exterior surfaces of hydrated cement particles in the cement matrix. The solid polymer particles deliver the hydrophobic agent into the cement matrix which is hydrophilic. The hydrophobic agents are distributed uniformly throughout the cement matrix. The solid polymer particles can be crumb rubber particles derived from waste rubber tires, recycled plastics and similar solid materials. The hydrophobic liquid agent is derived from waste lubricant oil, spent motor oil, base oil, esters of fatty acids, vegetable oil and the like. Fine particles such as activated carbon, silica fume and spent catalyst can be employed to fill the large pores or cracks that develop in the cementitious matrix. The cured cementitious materials exhibit high contact angles and high compressive strengths.

A hydrophobic admixture, for cementitious materials such as cement paste, mortar, and concrete, includes solid polymer particles with a coating of hydrophobic agent and surfactant. The solid polymer particles adhere to exterior surfaces of hydrated cement particles in the cement matrix. The solid polymer particles deliver the hydrophobic agent into the cement matrix which is hydrophilic. The hydrophobic agents are distributed uniformly throughout the cement matrix. The solid polymer particles can be crumb rubber particles derived from waste rubber tires, recycled plastics and similar solid materials. The hydrophobic liquid agent is derived from waste lubricant oil, spent motor oil, base oil, esters of fatty acids, vegetable oil and the like. Fine particles such as activated carbon, silica fume and spent catalyst can be employed to fill the large pores or cracks that develop in the cementitious matrix. The cured cementitious materials exhibit high contact angles and high compressive strengths.

A method and composition for stabilizing drill cuttings commences by providing precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). The PCC is dried to a moisture level of about 10% or less. Drying by heat not to exceed 400 F. is preferred to prevent changes in the PCC. The dried PCC is blended with kiln dust to compose a generally uniform admixture. In the admixture, the kiln dust is not to exceed 40%. The admixture is introduced to the drill cuttings to initiate a nucleation reaction within the commixture of drill cuttings and the admixture.

A method and composition for stabilizing drill cuttings commences by providing precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). The PCC is dried to a moisture level of about 10% or less. Drying by heat not to exceed 400 F. is preferred to prevent changes in the PCC. The dried PCC is blended with kiln dust to compose a generally uniform admixture. In the admixture, the kiln dust is not to exceed 40%. The admixture is introduced to the drill cuttings to initiate a nucleation reaction within the commixture of drill cuttings and the admixture.