Disclosed is a refractory coating composition, which includes: based on the total weight of the composition, (a) 20 to 40 wt % of cement, (b) 15 to 40 wt % of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag, (c) 5 to 20 wt % of at least one selected from among mica and alumina, (d) 0 to 10 wt % of flyash from a fluidized-bed boiler, (e) 10 to 40 wt % of expanded vermiculite, (f) 10 to 30 wt % of at least one selected from among calcium carbonate and limestone, and (g) 0.5 to 20 wt % of a thickening agent, and which also has a predetermined porosity and thus an appropriate density, is non-shrinkable to thus reduce cracking due to shrinkage, and exhibits drastically increased resistance to heat in the event of a fire.

Disclosed is a refractory coating composition, which includes: based on the total weight of the composition, (a) 20 to 40 wt % of cement, (b) 15 to 40 wt % of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag, (c) 5 to 20 wt % of at least one selected from among mica and alumina, (d) 0 to 10 wt % of flyash from a fluidized-bed boiler, (e) 10 to 40 wt % of expanded vermiculite, (f) 10 to 30 wt % of at least one selected from among calcium carbonate and limestone, and (g) 0.5 to 20 wt % of a thickening agent, and which also has a predetermined porosity and thus an appropriate density, is non-shrinkable to thus reduce cracking due to shrinkage, and exhibits drastically increased resistance to heat in the event of a fire.

Disclosed is a refractory coating composition, which includes: based on the total weight of the composition, (a) 20 to 40 wt % of cement, (b) 15 to 40 wt % of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag, (c) 5 to 20 wt % of at least one selected from among mica and alumina, (d) 0 to 10 wt % of flyash from a fluidized-bed boiler, (e) 10 to 40 wt % of expanded vermiculite, (f) 10 to 30 wt % of at least one selected from among calcium carbonate and limestone, and (g) 0.5 to 20 wt % of a thickening agent, and which also has a predetermined porosity and thus an appropriate density, is non-shrinkable to thus reduce cracking due to shrinkage, and exhibits drastically increased resistance to heat in the event of a fire.

Disclosed is a refractory coating composition, which includes: based on the total weight of the composition, (a) 20 to 40 wt % of cement, (b) 15 to 40 wt % of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag, (c) 5 to 20 wt % of at least one selected from among mica and alumina, (d) 0 to 10 wt % of flyash from a fluidized-bed boiler, (e) 10 to 40 wt % of expanded vermiculite, (f) 10 to 30 wt % of at least one selected from among calcium carbonate and limestone, and (g) 0.5 to 20 wt % of a thickening agent, and which also has a predetermined porosity and thus an appropriate density, is non-shrinkable to thus reduce cracking due to shrinkage, and exhibits drastically increased resistance to heat in the event of a fire.

A binder including at least 1% of carbonated biomass ashes and construction material including the cementitious composition.

A controlled low-strength material includes unprocessed coal ash including any unburned carbon and organic debris, fluidized bed combustion bottom ash, ordinary portland cement, and water. The controlled low-strength material is made by mixing together the unprocessed coal ash including any unburned carbon and organic debris, the fluidized bed combustion bottom ash, the ordinary portland cement, and the water.

A method of manufacturing an activated pozzolan composition includes: (i) grinding a natural pozzolan, alone or with another mineral component that is not cement clinker, to form a finely ground pozzolan component having a first d90 in a range of about 10 m to about 45 m and a first d10 less than about 5 m; and (ii) blending, without intergrinding, the finely ground pozzolan component with a coarse particulate mineral component comprised of coarse mineral particles not interground with the fine interground particulate component, the coarse particulate component having a second d90 greater than the first d90 and a second d10 greater than the first d10. The natural pozzolan can be one or more of natural pozzolanic deposits, volcanic ash, metakaolin, shale dust, calcined clay, trass, and pumice.

A method of manufacturing an activated pozzolan composition includes: (i) grinding a natural pozzolan, alone or with another mineral component that is not cement clinker, to form a finely ground pozzolan component having a first d90 in a range of about 10 m to about 45 m and a first d10 less than about 5 m; and (ii) blending, without intergrinding, the finely ground pozzolan component with a coarse particulate mineral component comprised of coarse mineral particles not interground with the fine interground particulate component, the coarse particulate component having a second d90 greater than the first d90 and a second d10 greater than the first d10. The natural pozzolan can be one or more of natural pozzolanic deposits, volcanic ash, metakaolin, shale dust, calcined clay, trass, and pumice.