Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Embodiments of the present invention may provide encapsulation of waste (2) materials in a first (1), double (5), triple (7), or even quadruple (44) encapsulation. Encapsulation may include waste (2), ash (4), Portland cement (3), water, chemicals, or the like. Agglomerates formed perhaps with high energy mixing may be processed, cured, or the like.

Embodiments of the present invention may provide encapsulation of waste (2) materials in a first (1), double (5), triple (7), or even quadruple (44) encapsulation. Encapsulation may include waste (2), ash (4), Portland cement (3), water, chemicals, or the like. Agglomerates formed perhaps with high energy mixing may be processed, cured, or the like.

Methods of recovering coal combustion products (CCPs) from coal combination byproducts are disclosed. The methods include compiling coal combustion byproducts (e.g., lignite coal and/or bituminous coal), grinding the coal combustion byproducts to form ground coal combustion byproducts with a maximum particle size of 40 microns, and separating the ground coal combustion byproducts to yield CCPs using an electrostatic precipitator. The following CCPs can be separated from the coal combination byproducts using the presently disclosed methods: fly ash, bottom ash, scrubber materials, and raw coal.

Methods of recovering coal combustion products (CCPs) from coal combination byproducts are disclosed. The methods include compiling coal combustion byproducts (e.g., lignite coal and/or bituminous coal), grinding the coal combustion byproducts to form ground coal combustion byproducts with a maximum particle size of 40 microns, and separating the ground coal combustion byproducts to yield CCPs using an electrostatic precipitator. The following CCPs can be separated from the coal combination byproducts using the presently disclosed methods: fly ash, bottom ash, scrubber materials, and raw coal.

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a geopolymer using a coal bottom ash. In the method, an alkali activating agent is used in a relatively smaller amount than in a conventional technology so that the mixture of the coal bottom ash and the alkali activating agent does not become a gel state, and a process for radiating a microwave is further provided after curing of a geopolymer specimen in an oven.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a geopolymer using a coal bottom ash. In the method, an alkali activating agent is used in a relatively smaller amount than in a conventional technology so that the mixture of the coal bottom ash and the alkali activating agent does not become a gel state, and a process for radiating a microwave is further provided after curing of a geopolymer specimen in an oven.