A method of forming a concrete product includes directly capturing CO.sub.2 from a gas source, the capturing comprising contacting the gas source with an absorption solution having a solvent and a solute, wherein the solvent and/or the solute are capable of reacting with CO.sub.2 to form an anionic compound, adjusting the pH of the absorption solution electrochemically to less than about 7 to release the CO.sub.2 as a concentrated vapor containing CO.sub.2, collecting the concentrated vapor containing CO.sub.2, regenerating the solvent and/or the solute, and optionally collecting the regenerated solvent and/or solute; flowing the concentrated vapor containing CO.sub.2 through a gas processing unit to adjust at least one of a temperature, a relative humidity, or a flow rate of the concentrated vapor containing CO.sub.2; and contacting the concentrated vapor containing CO.sub.2 with a concrete component.

A method of forming a concrete product includes directly capturing CO.sub.2 from a gas source, the capturing comprising contacting the gas source with an absorption solution having a solvent and a solute, wherein the solvent and/or the solute are capable of reacting with CO.sub.2 to form an anionic compound, adjusting the pH of the absorption solution electrochemically to less than about 7 to release the CO.sub.2 as a concentrated vapor containing CO.sub.2, collecting the concentrated vapor containing CO.sub.2, regenerating the solvent and/or the solute, and optionally collecting the regenerated solvent and/or solute; flowing the concentrated vapor containing CO.sub.2 through a gas processing unit to adjust at least one of a temperature, a relative humidity, or a flow rate of the concentrated vapor containing CO.sub.2; and contacting the concentrated vapor containing CO.sub.2 with a concrete component.

The present disclosure relates to a high-strength concrete and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength concrete includes lignin, recycled fine powder, cement, water, sand, gravels and a water reducing agent. The recycled fine powder is recycled fine powder of discarded concrete, and is prepared by separating solid waste of discarded buildings, then performing impurity removal and crushing processing, and grinding same by a ball mill into dust with a particle size of less than 0.16 mm. The lignin is discarded wood lignin, which is prepared by crushing the wood, stirring and extracting a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5% for 1 to 2 hours at the temperature of 80 DEG C. to obtain a black lignin alkali solution, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with a mass concentration of 30% into the alkali solution for stirring, and making the pH reduced to 7.0 for standing and layering.

The present disclosure relates to a high-strength concrete and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength concrete includes lignin, recycled fine powder, cement, water, sand, gravels and a water reducing agent. The recycled fine powder is recycled fine powder of discarded concrete, and is prepared by separating solid waste of discarded buildings, then performing impurity removal and crushing processing, and grinding same by a ball mill into dust with a particle size of less than 0.16 mm. The lignin is discarded wood lignin, which is prepared by crushing the wood, stirring and extracting a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5% for 1 to 2 hours at the temperature of 80 DEG C. to obtain a black lignin alkali solution, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with a mass concentration of 30% into the alkali solution for stirring, and making the pH reduced to 7.0 for standing and layering.

Efflorescence resistance of concrete blocks is enhanced through the use of glass powder in the concrete composition. The glass powder permits a reduction in the cement content; the glass powder also creates a pozzolanic reaction to change the free calcium ions in calcium hydroxide to calcium silicate to fix the calcium ions inside concrete. The composition includes cementitious binding material of ordinary Portland cement, fly ash, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, ground-granulated blast-furnace slag in an amount from 20 to 25 wt. %. Coarse aggregate is provided from 10 to 15 wt. percent. Fine aggregate is from 32 to 39 wt. %. The composition further includes glass powder having a diameter of less than approximately 75 microns in an amount from 17 to 23 wt. %. Water is present in an amount from 6 to 9 wt. %. The dry density of formed paving blocks is 1800-2200 kg/m.sup.3.

Efflorescence resistance of concrete blocks is enhanced through the use of glass powder in the concrete composition. The glass powder permits a reduction in the cement content; the glass powder also creates a pozzolanic reaction to change the free calcium ions in calcium hydroxide to calcium silicate to fix the calcium ions inside concrete. The composition includes cementitious binding material of ordinary Portland cement, fly ash, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, ground-granulated blast-furnace slag in an amount from 20 to 25 wt. %. Coarse aggregate is provided from 10 to 15 wt. percent. Fine aggregate is from 32 to 39 wt. %. The composition further includes glass powder having a diameter of less than approximately 75 microns in an amount from 17 to 23 wt. %. Water is present in an amount from 6 to 9 wt. %. The dry density of formed paving blocks is 1800-2200 kg/m.sup.3.

Methods of obtaining aggregates and/or pulverulent mineral material from a starting material comprising hardened mineral binder and aggregates utilizing process auxiliaries selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylate ethers and/or esters (PCE), glycols, organic amines, especially alkanolamines, ammonium salts of organic amines with carboxylic acids, surfactants, especially nonionic surfactants, gemini surfactants, calcium stearate, alkoxylated phosphonic or phosphoric esters, propane-1,3-diol, carboxylic acids, sulfonated amino alcohols, boric acid, salts of boric acid, borax, salts of phosphoric acid, gluconate, iron sulfate, tin sulfate, antimony salts, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, lignosulfonates, glycerol, melamine, melamine sulfonates, water absorbents in the form of a superabsorbent polymer or in the form of a sheet silicate, anticaking agents, sugars, sugar acids, sugar alcohols, phosphates, phosphonates, and mixtures thereof.

Methods of obtaining aggregates and/or pulverulent mineral material from a starting material comprising hardened mineral binder and aggregates utilizing process auxiliaries selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylate ethers and/or esters (PCE), glycols, organic amines, especially alkanolamines, ammonium salts of organic amines with carboxylic acids, surfactants, especially nonionic surfactants, gemini surfactants, calcium stearate, alkoxylated phosphonic or phosphoric esters, propane-1,3-diol, carboxylic acids, sulfonated amino alcohols, boric acid, salts of boric acid, borax, salts of phosphoric acid, gluconate, iron sulfate, tin sulfate, antimony salts, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, lignosulfonates, glycerol, melamine, melamine sulfonates, water absorbents in the form of a superabsorbent polymer or in the form of a sheet silicate, anticaking agents, sugars, sugar acids, sugar alcohols, phosphates, phosphonates, and mixtures thereof.

Methods of making a hybrid crude oil using man-made or natural petroleum-based waste stream products. The hybrid crude oil is composed of an oil-based solution and petroleum-based coatings that were extracted from a petroleum-containing material. This hybrid crude oil is created by elevating the temperature of the oil-based solution to or above an elevated temperature, i.e., the melting or phase-change temperature of the petroleum-based coating so that it can become liquified and dissolve into the oil-based solution and create the hybrid crude oil. The petroleum-containing material is submerged into the heated oil-based solution to cause the petroleum-based coatings to dissolve into the heated oil-based solution at the elevated temperature. The liquid oil-based solution at the elevated temperature creates an environmental seal to the petroleum-based coatings to protect them from burning, carburizing, or degrading, until the liquid oil-based solution is capable of providing the necessary thermal energy for the phase change of the petroleum-based coating from a solid state to a liquid state. At which time, the petroleum-based coatings safely phase-changes into a liquid and dissolves into the oil-based solution, creating the hybrid crude oil.

Methods of making a hybrid crude oil using man-made or natural petroleum-based waste stream products. The hybrid crude oil is composed of an oil-based solution and petroleum-based coatings that were extracted from a petroleum-containing material. This hybrid crude oil is created by elevating the temperature of the oil-based solution to or above an elevated temperature, i.e., the melting or phase-change temperature of the petroleum-based coating so that it can become liquified and dissolve into the oil-based solution and create the hybrid crude oil. The petroleum-containing material is submerged into the heated oil-based solution to cause the petroleum-based coatings to dissolve into the heated oil-based solution at the elevated temperature. The liquid oil-based solution at the elevated temperature creates an environmental seal to the petroleum-based coatings to protect them from burning, carburizing, or degrading, until the liquid oil-based solution is capable of providing the necessary thermal energy for the phase change of the petroleum-based coating from a solid state to a liquid state. At which time, the petroleum-based coatings safely phase-changes into a liquid and dissolves into the oil-based solution, creating the hybrid crude oil.