Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods of a method of making agricultural waste ash supplementary cementitious materials (AWASCMs), the method includes pretreating agricultural waste with acid, burning the acid pretreated agricultural waste to form agricultural waste ash (AWA), heat treating the AWA, grinding the AWA into an AWA supplemental cementitious material (AWASCM), and mixing the AWASCM with cement, water, and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to create a cement paste. Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a composition including sand, coarse aggregate, and cementitious materials. The cementitious materials includes cement, a SCM, and an AWASCM. The AWASCM includes an AWA and AWF.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods of a method of making agricultural waste ash supplementary cementitious materials (AWASCMs), the method includes pretreating agricultural waste with acid, burning the acid pretreated agricultural waste to form agricultural waste ash (AWA), heat treating the AWA, grinding the AWA into an AWA supplemental cementitious material (AWASCM), and mixing the AWASCM with cement, water, and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to create a cement paste. Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a composition including sand, coarse aggregate, and cementitious materials. The cementitious materials includes cement, a SCM, and an AWASCM. The AWASCM includes an AWA and AWF.

A fireplace surround structure is disclosed. The fireplace surround structure includes a mantel portion, a first vertical leg portion and a second vertical leg portion. The first leg portion and the second leg portion extend downward from the mantel portion at opposite ends to form a unitary fireplace surround structure. Each leg portion has a skeletal bar frame with a plurality of bar portions defining a three sided generally rectangular structure. Each of the sides has a lightweight non-combustible board portion attached on the exterior of the frame. The fireplace surround structure is open to one side and mountable on a wall surface. Each board portion is cast from a mix of Portland cement, silica, and cellulose fibers, which are combined and sintered into a flat board structure.

A fireplace surround structure is disclosed. The fireplace surround structure includes a mantel portion, a first vertical leg portion and a second vertical leg portion. The first leg portion and the second leg portion extend downward from the mantel portion at opposite ends to form a unitary fireplace surround structure. Each leg portion has a skeletal bar frame with a plurality of bar portions defining a three sided generally rectangular structure. Each of the sides has a lightweight non-combustible board portion attached on the exterior of the frame. The fireplace surround structure is open to one side and mountable on a wall surface. Each board portion is cast from a mix of Portland cement, silica, and cellulose fibers, which are combined and sintered into a flat board structure.

Disclosed in the present invention is a building with integral thermal insulation and heat shielding, in the technical field of construction engineering. The problem to be solved is to provide a building with integral thermal insulation and heat shielding, and the solution employed is as follows: a building with integral thermal insulation and heat shielding, which at least uses one of an inorganic thermal insulation structural layer and an inorganic thermal insulation layer; the inorganic thermal insulation structural layer is formed of one of, or a combination of both of, inorganic, thermally-insulating, heat-shielding and load-bearing concrete and inorganic, thermally-insulating, load-bearing building blocks; the inorganic, thermally-insulating, heat-shielding and load-bearing concrete has the following components in weight proportions: concrete composite light aggregate blending material: cement:sand:stone:ceramsite:fly ash:water:concrete admixture=(6−225):(200-800):(300-700):(500-1600):(150-650):(10-600):(80-400):(0.1-200). The present invention can be widely applied to the technical field of construction.

Disclosed in the present invention is a building with integral thermal insulation and heat shielding, in the technical field of construction engineering. The problem to be solved is to provide a building with integral thermal insulation and heat shielding, and the solution employed is as follows: a building with integral thermal insulation and heat shielding, which at least uses one of an inorganic thermal insulation structural layer and an inorganic thermal insulation layer; the inorganic thermal insulation structural layer is formed of one of, or a combination of both of, inorganic, thermally-insulating, heat-shielding and load-bearing concrete and inorganic, thermally-insulating, load-bearing building blocks; the inorganic, thermally-insulating, heat-shielding and load-bearing concrete has the following components in weight proportions: concrete composite light aggregate blending material: cement:sand:stone:ceramsite:fly ash:water:concrete admixture=(6−225):(200-800):(300-700):(500-1600):(150-650):(10-600):(80-400):(0.1-200). The present invention can be widely applied to the technical field of construction.

The invention relates to a method for producing hydrophilic silicia moulded bodies, in which i) a mixture containing hydrophilic silicic acid is added at a maximum temperature of 55° C. to hydrophobic means and ii) the mixture obtained in step i) is compacted after a maximum storage time of 30 days to form moulded bodies, iii) during steps ii and iii and until the moulded bodies are used, the temperature is at a maximum of 55° C.

The invention relates to a method for producing hydrophilic silicia moulded bodies, in which i) a mixture containing hydrophilic silicic acid is added at a maximum temperature of 55° C. to hydrophobic means and ii) the mixture obtained in step i) is compacted after a maximum storage time of 30 days to form moulded bodies, iii) during steps ii and iii and until the moulded bodies are used, the temperature is at a maximum of 55° C.

Fresh concrete which contains in 1 m3 50 to 300 kg of water, 135 to 400 kg of cement or 135 to 600 kg of a mixture of cement and at least one substituent thereof, 10 to 150 kg of finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 microns and a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m2/kg or 10 to 150 kg of a mixture of finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 microns and a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m2/kg and microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof, with a content of finely ground recyclate in this combination of at least 10% by weight, and 1000 to 2300 kg of aggregate.

Fresh concrete which contains in 1 m3 50 to 300 kg of water, 135 to 400 kg of cement or 135 to 600 kg of a mixture of cement and at least one substituent thereof, 10 to 150 kg of finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 microns and a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m2/kg or 10 to 150 kg of a mixture of finely ground brick, ceramic, mixed or concrete recyclate having a particle size of 5 to 250 microns and a specific surface of 300 to 1500 m2/kg and microsilica and/or at least one substituent thereof, with a content of finely ground recyclate in this combination of at least 10% by weight, and 1000 to 2300 kg of aggregate.