Embodiments may include cement compositions containing an expanding agent encapsulated with a polymeric material, wherein the polymeric material is permeable to aqueous fluids. Methods may include emplacing a cement slurry into a wellbore traversing a subterranean formation, wherein the cement slurry contains an expanding agent encapsulated with a polymeric material, wherein the polymeric material is permeable to aqueous fluids; allowing the cement slurry to harden; contacting the expanding agent encapsulated with a polymeric material with an aqueous fluid; and allowing the expanding agent to hydrate.

Embodiments may include cement compositions containing an expanding agent encapsulated with a polymeric material, wherein the polymeric material is permeable to aqueous fluids. Methods may include emplacing a cement slurry into a wellbore traversing a subterranean formation, wherein the cement slurry contains an expanding agent encapsulated with a polymeric material, wherein the polymeric material is permeable to aqueous fluids; allowing the cement slurry to harden; contacting the expanding agent encapsulated with a polymeric material with an aqueous fluid; and allowing the expanding agent to hydrate.

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity, hydrophobic cellulose. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and depositing lignin onto cellulose fibers to produce lignin-coated cellulose materials (such as dissolving pulp). The crystallinity of the cellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the hydrophobic cellulose to form completely renewable composites.

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity, hydrophobic cellulose. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and depositing lignin onto cellulose fibers to produce lignin-coated cellulose materials (such as dissolving pulp). The crystallinity of the cellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the hydrophobic cellulose to form completely renewable composites.

Lipophilic fibers are effective media for cleaning non-aqueous fluids out of a subterranean wellbore. The fibers are preferably added to a drilling fluid, a spacer fluid, a chemical wash, a cement slurry or combinations thereof. Non-aqueous fluids, such as an oil-base mud or a water-in-oil emulsion mud, are attracted to the fibers as they circulate in the wellbore.

Lipophilic fibers are effective media for cleaning non-aqueous fluids out of a subterranean wellbore. The fibers are preferably added to a drilling fluid, a spacer fluid, a chemical wash, a cement slurry or combinations thereof. Non-aqueous fluids, such as an oil-base mud or a water-in-oil emulsion mud, are attracted to the fibers as they circulate in the wellbore.

A cement mixture is disclosed that includes an aqueous mending agent that is disbursed within but isolated from the cement mixture, wherein the aqueous mending agent will form molecular bonds with hardened cement that is formed by the cement mixture when the mending agent is permitted to flow within the hardened cement.

A cement mixture is disclosed that includes an aqueous mending agent that is disbursed within but isolated from the cement mixture, wherein the aqueous mending agent will form molecular bonds with hardened cement that is formed by the cement mixture when the mending agent is permitted to flow within the hardened cement.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to compositions including a plurality of capsules each independently comprising an outer wall and an inner compartment, the inner compartment independently comprising at least one of a first hardenable resin, a first hardener or activator, and a solvent, self-healing hardened resins formed from the same, and methods of using the same. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a subterranean formation including placing the composition in a subterranean formation, and forming a selfhealing hardened resin in the subterranean formation from the composition.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to compositions including a plurality of capsules each independently comprising an outer wall and an inner compartment, the inner compartment independently comprising at least one of a first hardenable resin, a first hardener or activator, and a solvent, self-healing hardened resins formed from the same, and methods of using the same. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a subterranean formation including placing the composition in a subterranean formation, and forming a selfhealing hardened resin in the subterranean formation from the composition.