A lightweight composite having an activated surface contains a lightweight hollow core particle having cement grains which may be adhered to the hollow core or embedded in the surface of the hollow core. The hollow core particle may be prepared from calcium carbonate and a mixture of clay, such as bentonite, and a glassy inorganic material, such as glass spheres, glass beads, glass bubbles, borosilicate glass and fiberglass.

A lightweight composite having an activated surface contains a lightweight hollow core particle having cement grains which may be adhered to the hollow core or embedded in the surface of the hollow core. The hollow core particle may be prepared from calcium carbonate and a mixture of clay, such as bentonite, and a glassy inorganic material, such as glass spheres, glass beads, glass bubbles, borosilicate glass and fiberglass.

The current invention concerns a method for preparing a coated particulate waste material, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a particulate waste material with an average particle size of between 0.1 and 5.0 mm, and (b) applying a coating material to said particulate waste material, whereby said coating material comprises at least one polymeric compound.

In a second aspect the present invention discloses a coated waste particle comprising a waste material core, and a coating surrounding said waste material core, whereby said waste material core has a particle size of between 0.1 and 5.0 mm and said coating comprises at least one polymeric compound.

A further aspect concerns a building material, comprising one or more coated waste particles.

The current invention concerns a method for preparing a coated particulate waste material, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a particulate waste material with an average particle size of between 0.1 and 5.0 mm, and (b) applying a coating material to said particulate waste material, whereby said coating material comprises at least one polymeric compound.

In a second aspect the present invention discloses a coated waste particle comprising a waste material core, and a coating surrounding said waste material core, whereby said waste material core has a particle size of between 0.1 and 5.0 mm and said coating comprises at least one polymeric compound.

A further aspect concerns a building material, comprising one or more coated waste particles.

Embodiments of the invention are amendments to hot-mix asphalt (“HMA”) which open new price/performance areas to asphalt cement concrete (“ACC”) pavement. Equivalent-performing pavement may be made at lower cost, or higher-performing pavement may be made at equivalent-to-prior-art cost. The amendments, recycled asphalt pavement (“RAP”, and including recycled asphalt shingles [“RAS”]), and reinforcing fiber (aramid fiber) may be adjusted as described herein to achieve a desired price/performance target.

The present invention provides fiber cement articles, such as roof tiles having improved impact and hail resistance and methods for making them. The fiber cement articles comprise cement, an optional filler, reinforcing fibers, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers or a mixture of cellulosic and synthetic fibers, one or more core-shell aqueous emulsion polymers having a crosslinked rubbery core with a calculated glass transition temperature (calculated Tg) of from −20 to −140° C., and an at least partially grafted acrylic or vinyl shell polymer having a calculated Tg of from 20 to 170° C., and having a Z-average primary particle size of from 55 to 800 nm, or, preferably, from 140 to 650 nm. The solids weight ratio of the crosslinked rubbery core to the shell of the core-shell aqueous emulsion polymer may range from 85:20 to 97:3.

The present invention provides fiber cement articles, such as roof tiles having improved impact and hail resistance and methods for making them. The fiber cement articles comprise cement, an optional filler, reinforcing fibers, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers or a mixture of cellulosic and synthetic fibers, one or more core-shell aqueous emulsion polymers having a crosslinked rubbery core with a calculated glass transition temperature (calculated Tg) of from −20 to −140° C., and an at least partially grafted acrylic or vinyl shell polymer having a calculated Tg of from 20 to 170° C., and having a Z-average primary particle size of from 55 to 800 nm, or, preferably, from 140 to 650 nm. The solids weight ratio of the crosslinked rubbery core to the shell of the core-shell aqueous emulsion polymer may range from 85:20 to 97:3.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a concrete structure and a concrete slab, which, by using a continuous fiber-reinforced polymer material as a main reinforcing material or a tendon, and by mixing a short fiber reinforcing material in concrete, compensate for the mechanical shortcomings of the continuous fiber-reinforced polymer material, not rusting, and taking advantage of superior characteristics of the continuous fiber-reinforced polymer material, with low manufacturing cost and ultra-high durability.

MEANS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM: In a concrete structure, in which a continuous fiber-reinforced polymer material is arranged as a main reinforcing material or a tendon, a short fiber reinforcing material consisting of an organic fiber is mixed in 0.5% or more with respect to an entire volume, the continuous fiber-reinforced polymer material is shaped like a rod or a stranded wire, a ratio Lf/Gm between a fiber length Lf of the organic fiber of the short fiber reinforcing material and a maximum aggregate diameter Gm of a concrete composition is 1.2 to 3.7, and an aspect ratio Lf/De when an equivalent diameter De, which is a cross-sectional area of the organic fiber converted into a circle diameter, is 30 to 69.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a concrete structure and a concrete slab, which, by using a continuous fiber-reinforced polymer material as a main reinforcing material or a tendon, and by mixing a short fiber reinforcing material in concrete, compensate for the mechanical shortcomings of the continuous fiber-reinforced polymer material, not rusting, and taking advantage of superior characteristics of the continuous fiber-reinforced polymer material, with low manufacturing cost and ultra-high durability.

MEANS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM: In a concrete structure, in which a continuous fiber-reinforced polymer material is arranged as a main reinforcing material or a tendon, a short fiber reinforcing material consisting of an organic fiber is mixed in 0.5% or more with respect to an entire volume, the continuous fiber-reinforced polymer material is shaped like a rod or a stranded wire, a ratio Lf/Gm between a fiber length Lf of the organic fiber of the short fiber reinforcing material and a maximum aggregate diameter Gm of a concrete composition is 1.2 to 3.7, and an aspect ratio Lf/De when an equivalent diameter De, which is a cross-sectional area of the organic fiber converted into a circle diameter, is 30 to 69.

The present disclosure relates to ultra-high density concrete composite containing super-absorbent polymer (SAP)-Attached Fibers, suitable for making a near-vacuum tube for hyperloop transportation system, a method for manufacturing the ultra-high density concrete composite, a method for manufacturing a concrete member using the ultra-high density concrete composite and an ultra-high density concrete member manufactured by the method.