Disclosed herein are ceramic materials, such as bismuth substituted garnets, which can have high curie temperatures and high dielectric constants. In certain implementations, indium can be incorporated into the ceramic to improve certain properties and to avoid calcium compensation. The ceramic materials disclosed herein can be particular advantageous for below resonance applications.

Disclosed are embodiments of synthetic garnet materials for use in radiofrequency applications. In some embodiments, increased amounts of bismuth can be added into specific sites in the crystal structure of the synthetic garnet in order to boost certain properties, such as the dielectric constant and magnetization. Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosed materials can be used in high frequency applications, such as in base station antennas.

Disclosed are embodiments of synthetic garnet materials for use in radiofrequency applications. In some embodiments, increased amounts of bismuth can be added into specific sites in the crystal structure of the synthetic garnet in order to boost certain properties, such as the dielectric constant and magnetization. Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosed materials can be used in high frequency applications, such as in base station antennas.

A ferrite sintered magnet includes a composition expressed by a formula (1) of Ca.sub.1-w-xLa.sub.wA.sub.xFe.sub.zCo.sub.mO.sub.19. In the formula (1), w, x, z, and m satisfy a formula (2) of 0.30w0.50, a formula (3) of 0.08x0.20, a formula (4) of 8.55z10.00, and a formula (5) of 0.20m0.40. In the formula (1), A is at least one kind of element selected from a group consisting of Sr and Ba. Cr is further contained at 0.058 mass % to 0.132 mass % in terms of Cr.sub.2O.sub.3.

A compound is provided that has the formula: Ln.sub.4-x-zB.sub.xD.sub.zM.sub.2-n-yA.sub.nB.sub.yO.sub.9, where Ln comprises La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, or a mixture thereof; x is 0 to about 2; D is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, or a mixture thereof, where: D is not equal to Ln; if D is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, or a mixture thereof, then z is 0 to less than 4; if D is Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, or a mixture thereof, then z is 0 to about 2; M comprises Ga, Al, or a combination thereof; A comprises Fe, In, or a combination thereof; n is 0 to about 1; y is 0 to about 1; and x+y is greater than 0. In one embodiment, a composition is generally provided that includes a silicon-containing material and such a boron-doped refractory compound.

A compound is generally provided that has the formula: Ln.sub.3-xB.sub.xM.sub.5-yB.sub.yO.sub.12, where Ln comprises Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, or a mixture thereof; x is 0 to about 1.5; M comprises Ga, In, Al, Fe, or a combination thereof; y is 0 to about 2.5; and x+y is greater than 0. A composition is also provided that includes a silicon-containing material (e.g., silicon metal and/or a silicide) and the boron-doped refractory compound having the formula described above, such as about 0.001% to about 85% by volume of the boron-doped refractory compound.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of low temperature co-fireable dielectric materials which can be used in conjunction with high dielectric materials to form composite structures, in particular for isolators and circulators for radiofrequency components. Embodiments of the low temperature co-fireable dielectric materials can be scheelite or garnet structures, for example barium tungstate. Adhesives and/or glue is not necessary for the formation of the isolators and circulators.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of low temperature co-fireable dielectric materials which can be used in conjunction with high dielectric materials to form composite structures, in particular for isolators and circulators for radiofrequency components. Embodiments of the low temperature co-fireable dielectric materials can be scheelite or garnet structures, for example barium tungstate. Adhesives and/or glue is not necessary for the formation of the isolators and circulators.

A fuel cell has an anode, a cathode, and a solid electrolyte layer. The cathode contains a main component configured by a perovskite oxide which is expressed by the general formula ABO.sub.3 and includes at least one of La and Sr at the A site. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed between the anode and the cathode. The cathode includes an interface region that is within 5 m from a surface near to the solid electrolyte layer. The interface region contains a main phase configured by the perovskite oxide, and a secondary phase configured by strontium oxide. An occupied surface area ratio of the secondary phase in a cross section of the interface region is greater than or equal 0.05% and less than or equal to 3%.

Disclosed are embodiments of synthetic garnet materials for use in radiofrequency applications. In some embodiments, increased amounts of bismuth can be added into specific sites in the crystal structure of the synthetic garnet in order to boost certain properties, such as the dielectric constant and magnetization. Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosed materials can be used in high frequency applications, such as in base station antennas.