A method includes forming a crystallized metal carbide undercoat on a surface of a carbon-carbon composite substrate. The method further includes forming an overcoat on a surface of the undercoat. The overcoat includes a plurality of crystallized ultra-high melting point overcoat layers. Each overcoat layer is sequentially formed by applying a mixture to a surface of an underlying layer and heating the mixture. The mixture includes a plurality of ultra-high melting point refractory ceramic particles and a pre-ceramic polymer. The mixture is heated to a heat treatment temperature to pyrolyze the pre-ceramic polymer and form the overcoat layer in an inert atmosphere or under vacuum. As a result, the overcoat layer includes a crystallized ultra-high melting point polymer-derived ceramic matrix that includes the plurality of ultra-high melting point refractory ceramic particles.

An airfoil includes a ceramic matrix composite airfoil core that defines an airfoil portion and a root portion. The ceramic matrix composite airfoil core is subject to core thermal growth. A platform includes a ceramic matrix composite that wraps around the root portion. The platform is subject to platform thermal growth. A buffer layer is located between the root portion and the platform. The buffer layer absorbs a mismatch between the core thermal growth and the platform thermal growth.

An airfoil includes a ceramic matrix composite airfoil core that defines an airfoil portion and a root portion. The ceramic matrix composite airfoil core is subject to core thermal growth. A platform includes a ceramic matrix composite that wraps around the root portion. The platform is subject to platform thermal growth. A buffer layer is located between the root portion and the platform. The buffer layer absorbs a mismatch between the core thermal growth and the platform thermal growth.

A heat treated ceramic article includes a ceramic substrate and a ceramic coating on the ceramic substrate. The ceramic coating is a non-sintered ceramic coating that has a different composition than the ceramic substrate. The heat treated ceramic article further includes a transition layer between the ceramic substrate and the ceramic coating, the transition layer comprising first elements from the ceramic coating that have reacted with second elements from the ceramic substrate, wherein the transition layer has a thickness of about 0.1 microns to about 5 microns.

Aspects of the disclosure provide methods of making a coated filtration material. Various methods include providing a base filter material and applying a first coating to the base filter material, the first coating being in nanoparticle form. A second coating is applied on top of the first coating, the second coating being a nanoscale inorganic material. The method further includes removing the first coating in such a way that the second coating remains on the base filter material. Methods of the disclosure can be used to manufacture coated filtration materials having a coating with a porosity of 90% or greater and a pore size in the range of 0.1-0.5 μm.

Aspects of the disclosure provide methods of making a coated filtration material. Various methods include providing a base filter material and applying a first coating to the base filter material, the first coating being in nanoparticle form. A second coating is applied on top of the first coating, the second coating being a nanoscale inorganic material. The method further includes removing the first coating in such a way that the second coating remains on the base filter material. Methods of the disclosure can be used to manufacture coated filtration materials having a coating with a porosity of 90% or greater and a pore size in the range of 0.1-0.5 μm.

A heat treated ceramic article includes a ceramic substrate and a ceramic coating on the ceramic substrate. The ceramic coating is a non-sintered ceramic coating that has a different composition than the ceramic substrate. The heat treated ceramic article further includes a transition layer between the ceramic substrate and the ceramic coating, the transition layer comprising first elements from the ceramic coating that have reacted with second elements from the ceramic substrate, wherein the transition layer has a thickness of about 0.1 microns to about 5 microns.

The invention provides dispersed inorganic mixed metal oxide pigment compositions in a hydrocarbon media utilizing a dispersant having polyisobutylene succinic anhydride structure reacted with a non-polymeric amino ether/alcohol to disperse a mixed metal oxide pigment in the media. The metal oxide pigment is of the type used to color ceramic or glass articles. A milling process using beads is also described to reduce the mixed metal oxide particle size to the desired range. A method of using the mixed metal oxide dispersion to digitally print an image on a ceramic or glass article using the dispersion jetted through a nozzle and subsequently firing the colored article is also described.

The invention provides dispersed inorganic mixed metal oxide pigment compositions in a hydrocarbon media utilizing a dispersant having polyisobutylene succinic anhydride structure reacted with a non-polymeric amino ether/alcohol to disperse a mixed metal oxide pigment in the media. The metal oxide pigment is of the type used to color ceramic or glass articles. A milling process using beads is also described to reduce the mixed metal oxide particle size to the desired range. A method of using the mixed metal oxide dispersion to digitally print an image on a ceramic or glass article using the dispersion jetted through a nozzle and subsequently firing the colored article is also described.

An article comprises a substrate comprising a ceramic matrix composite; a first layer disposed over the substrate, the first layer comprising a substantially interconnected silicon source material, and a secondary material; and a second layer disposed over the first layer, the second layer comprising a membrane material in mass transfer communication with the silicon source material.