Embodiments are directed to the field of ceramics and relate to electron-emitting ceramics such as those which can be used as cathode material for electron emissions in space flight systems, for example. Embodiments specify an electron-emitting ceramic which has an improved temperature conductivity with a simultaneously continuous electron emission. The electron-emitting ceramic contains at least>70 vol. % C12A7 electride and a proportion of Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Pb, or Bi as metal and/or with Ti, wherein the proportion of the metals lies between>0 and<30 vol. %, and the ceramic has a density of at least 85% of the theoretical density of the ceramic and the ceramic contains 0 to maximally 10 vol. % production-specific impurities.

Embodiments are directed to the field of ceramics and relate to electron-emitting ceramics such as those which can be used as cathode material for electron emissions in space flight systems, for example. Embodiments specify an electron-emitting ceramic which has an improved temperature conductivity with a simultaneously continuous electron emission. The electron-emitting ceramic contains at least>70 vol. % C12A7 electride and a proportion of Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Pb, or Bi as metal and/or with Ti, wherein the proportion of the metals lies between>0 and<30 vol. %, and the ceramic has a density of at least 85% of the theoretical density of the ceramic and the ceramic contains 0 to maximally 10 vol. % production-specific impurities.

Disclosed herein is a method of reinforcing a composite comprising determining a location of a first cooling hole in a plurality of plies; where a cooling gas is transported through the cooling hole; disposing a z-fiber in the plurality of plies at a location proximate to where the first cooling hole will be located; where the z-fiber enters the plurality of plies at either an upper surface or a lower surface; and where the z-fiber traverses a portion of the plurality of plies in the z-direction proximate to the first cooling hole; and traverses the plurality of plies in an x or y direction further away from the first cooling hole; where the z-direction is in the thickness direction of the plurality of plies and where the x and y-direction are perpendicular to the z-direction.

Disclosed herein is a method of reinforcing a composite comprising determining a location of a first cooling hole in a plurality of plies; where a cooling gas is transported through the cooling hole; disposing a z-fiber in the plurality of plies at a location proximate to where the first cooling hole will be located; where the z-fiber enters the plurality of plies at either an upper surface or a lower surface; and where the z-fiber traverses a portion of the plurality of plies in the z-direction proximate to the first cooling hole; and traverses the plurality of plies in an x or y direction further away from the first cooling hole; where the z-direction is in the thickness direction of the plurality of plies and where the x and y-direction are perpendicular to the z-direction.

A method for enhancing optical properties of sintered, zirconia ceramic bodies and zirconia ceramic dental restorations is provided. The porous or pre-sintered stage of a ceramic body is treated with an yttrium-containing composition and sintered, resulting in sintered ceramic bodies having enhanced optical properties. The enhanced optical properties may be substantially permanent, remaining for the useful life of the sintered ceramic body.

Inventive manufacture of CrB.sub.2—Al.sub.2O.sub.3 composites is based on pressureless sintering. According to typical inventive practice, CrB.sub.2 powder and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 powder are mixed together in selected volumetric proportions so that the volume of the CrB.sub.2 does not exceed 50% of the overall volume of the CrB.sub.2—Al.sub.2O.sub.3 mixture. The CrB.sub.2—Al.sub.2O.sub.3 mixture is shaped into a green body. The green body is pressureless sintered in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a firing temperature in the approximate range between 1600° C. and 2050° C. The present invention succeeds in preparing, via pressureless sintering, a proportionality-associated range of compositions in the CrB.sub.2—Al.sub.2O.sub.3 system, which is a potentially “advanced” ceramic system. A typical inventively fabricated CrB.sub.2—Al.sub.2O.sub.3 composite is inventively configured in a complex shape, and has “advanced” material (e.g., mechanical) properties that are favorable for a contemplated application. Inventive manufacture of ceramic-ceramic composites is thus dually attributed, and uncommonly so, with complex shape-ability and advanced capability.

Inventive manufacture of CrB.sub.2—Al.sub.2O.sub.3 composites is based on pressureless sintering. According to typical inventive practice, CrB.sub.2 powder and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 powder are mixed together in selected volumetric proportions so that the volume of the CrB.sub.2 does not exceed 50% of the overall volume of the CrB.sub.2—Al.sub.2O.sub.3 mixture. The CrB.sub.2—Al.sub.2O.sub.3 mixture is shaped into a green body. The green body is pressureless sintered in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a firing temperature in the approximate range between 1600° C. and 2050° C. The present invention succeeds in preparing, via pressureless sintering, a proportionality-associated range of compositions in the CrB.sub.2—Al.sub.2O.sub.3 system, which is a potentially “advanced” ceramic system. A typical inventively fabricated CrB.sub.2—Al.sub.2O.sub.3 composite is inventively configured in a complex shape, and has “advanced” material (e.g., mechanical) properties that are favorable for a contemplated application. Inventive manufacture of ceramic-ceramic composites is thus dually attributed, and uncommonly so, with complex shape-ability and advanced capability.

Hexavalent chromium-free slurries are provided that are capable of achieving a full cure at temperatures as low as 330-450 degrees F., thus making the coatings especially suitable for application on temperature sensitive base materials. The slurries are suitable in the production of protective coating systems formed by novel silicate-based basecoats that are sealed with novel phosphate-based topcoats. The coating systems exhibit acceptable corrosion and heat resistance and are capable of replacing traditional chromate-containing coating systems.

An air-heating type heat not burn heating device, a ceramic heating element and a preparation method thereof are provided. The ceramic heating element includes a honeycomb ceramic body and a heating printed circuit. Porous channels are arranged in the honeycomb ceramic body, and the porous channels are circular holes or polygonal holes. The heating printed circuit is arranged around an outer surface of the honeycomb ceramic body to heat the air passing through the porous channels. According to the ceramic heating element, the surface made of high purity alumina honeycomb ceramic has high compactness, it is able to effectively prevent absorption of smoke dust particles, thus to effectively preventing odd smell; the high-purity alumina honeycomb ceramic has good thermal conductivity, with a thermal conductivity of 33 W/mk; the wall thickness and pore diameter in the honeycomb ceramic structure are both very small, and the thermal conductivity is extremely excellent.

An article comprising a substrate and at least one coating layer disposed on the substrate. The coating layer includes a silicate glass matrix, an oxygen scavenger phase dispersed through the silicate glass matrix, and at least one metal in metallic form.