The embodiments herein provide a filter for cigarette comprising graphene nano-composite based material enclosed in a casing. The filter is reusable and is plugged to any cigarette, or tobacco smoking products. The filter is a stand-alone product or manufactured integrally with each individual cigarette. The filter provides a safe smoking option to tobacco smokers without changing their smoking habits by reducing the tar content and other toxic chemicals in the inhaled smoke. The graphene based nanocomposite filter adsorbs the toxic agents from the smoke (of cigarette, beedi, hookah etc). The filter is fabricated by treating ceramic particles and coating them with carbon particles. The carbon particles are carbonized. The ceramic particles coated with carbon are segregated based on shape and size and treated chemically to convert carbon into graphene under inert conditions. The graphene coated particles are chemically functionalized for improved filtration.

A method for etching a light absorbing material permits directly writing a pattern of etching of silicon nitride and other light absorbing materials, without the need of a lithographic mask, and allows the creation of etched features of less than one micron in size. The method can be used for etching deposited silicon nitride films, freestanding silicon nitride membranes, and other light absorbing materials, with control over the thickness achieved by optical feedback. The etching is promoted by solvents including electron donor species, such as chloride ions. The method provides the ability to etch silicon nitride and other light absorbing materials, with fine spatial and etch rate control, in mild conditions, including in a biocompatible environment. The method can be used to create nanopores and nanopore arrays.

A method for etching a light absorbing material permits directly writing a pattern of etching of silicon nitride and other light absorbing materials, without the need of a lithographic mask, and allows the creation of etched features of less than one micron in size. The method can be used for etching deposited silicon nitride films, freestanding silicon nitride membranes, and other light absorbing materials, with control over the thickness achieved by optical feedback. The etching is promoted by solvents including electron donor species, such as chloride ions. The method provides the ability to etch silicon nitride and other light absorbing materials, with fine spatial and etch rate control, in mild conditions, including in a biocompatible environment. The method can be used to create nanopores and nanopore arrays.

A method of pressure sintering an environmental barrier coating on a surface of a ceramic substrate to form an article includes the steps of etching the surface of the ceramic substrate to texture the surface, disposing an environmental barrier coating on the etched surface of the ceramic substrate wherein the environmental barrier coating includes a rare earth silicate, and pressure sintering the environmental barrier coating on the etched surface of the ceramic substrate in an inert or nitrogen atmosphere at a pressure of greater than atmospheric pressure such that at least a portion of the environmental barrier coating is disposed in the texture of the surface of the ceramic substrate thereby forming the article.

A method of pressure sintering an environmental barrier coating on a surface of a ceramic substrate to form an article includes the steps of etching the surface of the ceramic substrate to texture the surface, disposing an environmental barrier coating on the etched surface of the ceramic substrate wherein the environmental barrier coating includes a rare earth silicate, and pressure sintering the environmental barrier coating on the etched surface of the ceramic substrate in an inert or nitrogen atmosphere at a pressure of greater than atmospheric pressure such that at least a portion of the environmental barrier coating is disposed in the texture of the surface of the ceramic substrate thereby forming the article.

Compositions and methods are presented that selectively dissolve calcium from a variety of cementitious materials without dissolving or otherwise degrading calcium silica hydrate (CSH). Preferably, contemplated compositions comprise guanidine bisulfate hydrochloride, which can be prepared from a reaction of urea, hydrochloric acid, and sulfamic acid. Therefore, it is especially contemplated that the compositions contemplated herein are particularly suitable to clean or otherwise condition surfaces of cured concrete, Portland cement-based material, or an aggregate containing CSH.

A coated turbomachine component includes a ceramic component body having a principal surface. The component includes a high temperature coating. The high temperature coating includes a sintered coating body bonded directly to and intimately contacting the principal surface of the ceramic component body. The sintered coating body has a minimum porosity adjacent the principal surface and a maximum porosity at a location further from the principal surface, as taken along an axis orthogonal to the principal surface.

A coated turbomachine component includes a ceramic component body having a principal surface. The component includes a high temperature coating. The high temperature coating includes a sintered coating body bonded directly to and intimately contacting the principal surface of the ceramic component body. The sintered coating body has a minimum porosity adjacent the principal surface and a maximum porosity at a location further from the principal surface, as taken along an axis orthogonal to the principal surface.

A method for producing a ceramic composite includes: preparing a sintered body in a plate form containing a fluorescent material having a composition of a rare earth aluminate, and aluminum oxide; and eluting the aluminum oxide from the sintered body by contacting the sintered body with a basic substance, for example, contained in an alkali aqueous solution, and the dissolution amount of the fluorescent material eluted from the sintered body in the step of eluting the aluminum oxide is 0.5% by mass or less based on an amount of the fluorescent material contained in the sintered body as 100% by mass.

A method for producing a ceramic composite includes: preparing a sintered body in a plate form containing a fluorescent material having a composition of a rare earth aluminate, and aluminum oxide; and eluting the aluminum oxide from the sintered body by contacting the sintered body with a basic substance, for example, contained in an alkali aqueous solution, and the dissolution amount of the fluorescent material eluted from the sintered body in the step of eluting the aluminum oxide is 0.5% by mass or less based on an amount of the fluorescent material contained in the sintered body as 100% by mass.