There is provided a gypsum composition for a drying type coating material, the gypsum composition, when made into a gypsum-based coating material by addition of water, capable of forming a coating film in which color unevenness is suppressed even though the coating film is thin and smooth. This gypsum composition for a drying type coating material contains hemihydrate gypsum having a mean particle diameter of 50 m or less, calcium carbonate having a mean particle diameter of 50 m or less, and a setting retarder, wherein the gypsum composition has a content of calcium carbonate of 100 to 400 parts by mass and a content of the setting retarder of 0.1 parts by mass or more each based on 100 parts by mass of the hemihydrate gypsum.

An aqueous solution of carbonic anhydrase and calcium chloride is contacted with a cementitious surface defining at least one opening or fissure in the presence of ambient carbon dioxide to thereby cause the calcium chloride and carbon dioxide to react, whereby calcium carbonate precipitate from the solution and seals the opening or fissure.

An aqueous solution of carbonic anhydrase and calcium chloride is contacted with a cementitious surface defining at least one opening or fissure in the presence of ambient carbon dioxide to thereby cause the calcium chloride and carbon dioxide to react, whereby calcium carbonate precipitate from the solution and seals the opening or fissure.

Luminescent concrete compositions containing cement, fine aggregates such as sand, and a phosphor such as strontium aluminate. Glow-in-the-dark concrete products made therefrom and methods of producing such concrete products are also specified. The glow-in-the-dark concrete products demonstrate good mechanical strength (e.g. compressive strength) and skid resistance. The addition of phosphorescent strontium aluminate provides luminance that persists for up to 10 hours to the concrete products.

Coating plate in ceramic material for outdoor application, obtaining method and use thereof. The ceramic coating plate for outdoor application comprises a vitreous layer wherein the vitreous layer comprises 3-30% (m/m) of an infrared reflective pigment, wherein the infrared reflective pigment comprises titanium dioxideTiO.sub.2.

Said plate provides the user with thermal comfort in contact between the plantar surface of the feet and the ceramic material and may also be used in the coating of faades, or upper coverings.

TiO.sub.2 concentration may be 5-25% (m/m), 8-20% (m/m), or 9-11% (m/m). TiO.sub.2 particles have a size between 0.1-2 m, more preferably 0.25-2 m. The infrared reflective pigment may further comprise metal oxides Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, MnO, SbO, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, or mixtures thereof.

Said plate may be a tile, a ceramic, a mosaic, a paving block or a slab, among others.

Coating plate in ceramic material for outdoor application, obtaining method and use thereof. The ceramic coating plate for outdoor application comprises a vitreous layer wherein the vitreous layer comprises 3-30% (m/m) of an infrared reflective pigment, wherein the infrared reflective pigment comprises titanium dioxideTiO.sub.2.

Said plate provides the user with thermal comfort in contact between the plantar surface of the feet and the ceramic material and may also be used in the coating of faades, or upper coverings.

TiO.sub.2 concentration may be 5-25% (m/m), 8-20% (m/m), or 9-11% (m/m). TiO.sub.2 particles have a size between 0.1-2 m, more preferably 0.25-2 m. The infrared reflective pigment may further comprise metal oxides Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, MnO, SbO, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, or mixtures thereof.

Said plate may be a tile, a ceramic, a mosaic, a paving block or a slab, among others.

Methods for embedding photocatalytic titanium dioxide in concrete surfaces to reduce pollutants via photocatalytic reactions are provided herein. One method includes mixing a solvent compound with an anatase titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) photocatalyst, applying an amount of concrete treatment compound to an upper surface of the concrete, the concrete treatment compound comprising a mixture of a liquid carrier compound with the anatase titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) photocatalyst.

Methods for embedding photocatalytic titanium dioxide in concrete surfaces to reduce pollutants via photocatalytic reactions are provided herein. One method includes mixing a solvent compound with an anatase titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) photocatalyst, applying an amount of concrete treatment compound to an upper surface of the concrete, the concrete treatment compound comprising a mixture of a liquid carrier compound with the anatase titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) photocatalyst.

A method of making a setting type compound by injecting an activator compound into a plaster compound wherein the activator compound tube is coaxial and within the plaster compound tube, each at the same flowrate, the same pressure and the same viscosity. The cross sectional transverse areas of an annulus containing the plaster compound and the hole in the annulus containing the activator compound are the same.

A method of making a setting type compound by injecting an activator compound into a plaster compound wherein the activator compound tube is coaxial and within the plaster compound tube, each at the same flowrate, the same pressure and the same viscosity. The cross sectional transverse areas of an annulus containing the plaster compound and the hole in the annulus containing the activator compound are the same.