Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to processes for forming functionalized membranes. In an embodiment, a process for forming a functionalized porous membrane is provided. The process includes introducing a porous membrane with an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic agent in a reaction zone, and operating the reaction zone under conditions to form the functionalized porous membrane, the conditions comprising heating the reaction zone to a temperature of about 95° C. or less.

The disclosure discloses microbial conductive ceramics and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microorganisms and the technical field of semiconductor materials. The disclosure is based on ordinary insulating macroporous ceramics, using the means of cell immobilization and the principle of microbial adsorption, to prepare the microbial conductive ceramics including macroporous ceramics, microbes immobilized on the macroporous ceramics and metal ions adsorbed to the microbes. The microbial conductive ceramics have excellent performance, and the conductivity of the microbial conductive ceramics can reach 2.91×10.sup.6 S/m. At the same time, the cost of the microbial conductive ceramics is low, only 10% of the cost of conductive ceramics with the same conductivity.

The disclosure discloses microbial conductive ceramics and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microorganisms and the technical field of semiconductor materials. The disclosure is based on ordinary insulating macroporous ceramics, using the means of cell immobilization and the principle of microbial adsorption, to prepare the microbial conductive ceramics including macroporous ceramics, microbes immobilized on the macroporous ceramics and metal ions adsorbed to the microbes. The microbial conductive ceramics have excellent performance, and the conductivity of the microbial conductive ceramics can reach 2.91×10.sup.6 S/m. At the same time, the cost of the microbial conductive ceramics is low, only 10% of the cost of conductive ceramics with the same conductivity.

Methods, materials systems, and devices for inhibiting the infiltration and penetration of molten salts into solid materials, including porous materials at temperatures above the solidus temperature of the molten salt. The methods, materials systems, and devices utilize a non-wetted solid that is introduced into pores having entrances at an exterior surface of a porous solid material adapted to contact the molten salt.

A nitride-based ceramics resin composite body having thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, and adhesion to adherends equal to conventional products, and having improved heat resistance reliability during the reflow process, and a thermal conductive insulating adhesive sheet using the same are provided. A nitride-based ceramics resin composite body in which a thermosetting resin composition is impregnated in a porous nitride-based ceramics sintered body is provided. The thermosetting resin composition includes a specific epoxy resin and a bismaleimide triazine resin, and a water absorption of the thermosetting resin composition in a completely cured state measured in accordance with method A in JIS K7209 (2000) is 1% by mass or less.

A nitride-based ceramics resin composite body having thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, and adhesion to adherends equal to conventional products, and having improved heat resistance reliability during the reflow process, and a thermal conductive insulating adhesive sheet using the same are provided. A nitride-based ceramics resin composite body in which a thermosetting resin composition is impregnated in a porous nitride-based ceramics sintered body is provided. The thermosetting resin composition includes a specific epoxy resin and a bismaleimide triazine resin, and a water absorption of the thermosetting resin composition in a completely cured state measured in accordance with method A in JIS K7209 (2000) is 1% by mass or less.

A marking system includes a composition having at least one color precursor, a moldable substrate having a color developer, and a marking instrument for applying the composition to the moldable substrate to form at least one mark on the moldable substrate. A method of producing a colored three-dimensional molded object includes the steps of manipulating a moldable substrate having a color developer into a molded shape having an outer surface; and applying, on the outer surface of the molded shape, a first composition having at least one color precursor to a first portion of the molded shape.

An optical element includes an optical surface including a ceramic material. The optical element further includes a coating that includes a bifunctional molecule arranged on the optical surface. The bifunctional molecule includes a first functional group and a second functional group. The first functional group forms a covalent bond to the ceramic material of the optical surface, and the second functional group includes an aromatic functional group. The optical element further includes a carbon-containing material non-covalently bonded to the second functional group of the bifunctional molecule of the coating.

An optical element includes an optical surface including a ceramic material. The optical element further includes a coating that includes a bifunctional molecule arranged on the optical surface. The bifunctional molecule includes a first functional group and a second functional group. The first functional group forms a covalent bond to the ceramic material of the optical surface, and the second functional group includes an aromatic functional group. The optical element further includes a carbon-containing material non-covalently bonded to the second functional group of the bifunctional molecule of the coating.

The invention relates to a dental ceramic blank, in particular a filled milling blank, comprising at least one organic Compound, such as a polymer polymerized in the blank, for improving the machining properties of the blank. The blank has an open-pore ceramic microstructure which has 2 to 50 wt. %, based on the total composition of the dental ceramic blank, of at least one organic Compound. The invention also relates to a method for producing the blank. The milling blank according to the invention clearly exhibits improved material properties compared to unfilled purely ceramic milling blanks which have been milled into blanks for molded prosthetic parts in CAD/CAM methods