A process for the preparation of a membrane electrode assembly comprising providing, in the following layer order, (I) a green supporting electrode layer comprising a composite of a mixed metal oxide and Ni oxide; (IV) a green mixed metal oxide membrane layer; and (V) a green second electrode layer comprising a composite of a mixed metal oxide and Ni oxide; and sintering all three layers simultaneously.

A dielectric material which satisfies X9M characteristics and ensures operations over an extended period of time at 200° C. is provided.

An air-heating type heat not burn heating device, a ceramic heating element and a preparation method thereof are provided. The ceramic heating element includes a honeycomb ceramic body and a heating printed circuit. Porous channels are arranged in the honeycomb ceramic body, and the porous channels are circular holes or polygonal holes. The heating printed circuit is arranged around an outer surface of the honeycomb ceramic body to heat the air passing through the porous channels. According to the ceramic heating element, the surface made of high purity alumina honeycomb ceramic has high compactness, it is able to effectively prevent absorption of smoke dust particles, thus to effectively preventing odd smell; the high-purity alumina honeycomb ceramic has good thermal conductivity, with a thermal conductivity of 33 W/mk; the wall thickness and pore diameter in the honeycomb ceramic structure are both very small, and the thermal conductivity is extremely excellent.

A ceramic green sheet where the proportion of a Si-containing constituent coating the surface of barium titanate-based ceramic particles is 95% or higher, and the proportion of a rare-earth element-containing constituent coating the surface of the barium titanate-based ceramic particle is 85% or higher.

A method of manufacturing a conversion element is disclosed. A precursor material is selected from one or more of lutetium, aluminum and a rare-earth element. The precursor material is mixed with a binder and a solvent to obtain a slurry. A green body is formed from the slurry and the green body is sintered to obtain the conversion element. The sintering is performed at a temperature of more than 1720° C.

There is provided a dielectric ceramic composition including a base powder, wherein the base powder includes: a first major component represented by BaTiO.sub.3, a second major component represented by (Na, K)NbO.sub.3, and a third major component represented by (Bi, Na)TiO.sub.3. The base powder is represented by xBaTiO.sub.3-y(Na, K)NbO.sub.3-z(Bi, Na)TiO.sub.3, where x+y+z=1, and x, y, and z are represented by mol, and x, y and z satisfy 0.5≦x≦0.97, 0.01≦y≦0.48, and 0.02≦z≦0.2, respectively. In certain embodiments, the base powder is be represented by xBaTiO.sub.3-y(Na.sub.0.5K.sub.0.5)NbO.sub.3-z(Bi.sub.0.5Na.sub.0.5)TiO.sub.3.

A dielectric ceramic composition and a multilayer ceramic capacitor comprising the same are provided. The dielectric ceramic composition includes a BaTiO.sub.3-based base material main ingredient and an accessory ingredient, where the accessory ingredient includes dysprosium (Dy) and cerium (Ce) as first accessory ingredients. A total content of Dy and Ce is greater than 0.25 mol % and equal to or less than 1.0 mol % based on 100 mol % of the base material main ingredient.

The object of the present invention is to provide the dielectric ceramic composition having good characteristics even under the high electric field intensity, and particularly good IR characteristic and the high temperature accelerated lifetime. The dielectric ceramic composition according to the present invention comprises a main component comprising a perovskite type compound shown by a compositional formula (Ba.sub.1-x-ySr.sub.xCa.sub.y).sub.m(Ti.sub.1-zZr.sub.z)O.sub.3 (note that, said “m”, “x”, “y” and “z” all show a mol ratio, and each satisfies 0.94≦m≦1.1, 0≦x≦0.2, 0≦y≦0.2, 0.06≦z<0.2), a first sub component comprising oxides of a rare earth element R (note that, R is any one selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu), a second sub component comprising oxides of Mg, a third sub component comprising oxides at least one element M selected from the group consisting of Mn, Cr, Co and Fe, a fourth sub component as a sintering agent, a ratio of the first sub component in terms of oxides (RO.sub.3/2) is 8 to 20 mol, a ratio of the second sub component in terms of oxides (MgO) is 3 to 15 mol, a ratio of the third sub component in terms of oxides (MO) is 0.6 to 2.0 mol, with respect to 100 mol of said main component; and when a content of the first sub component is R mol, a content of the second sub component is M mol, and a content of the third sub component is N mol with respect to 100 mol of said main component, then 1.0≦R(M+N)≦2.4 is satisfied.

A dielectric ceramic composition has good characteristics even under the high electric field intensity, and particularly good IR characteristic and the high temperature accelerated lifetime. The dielectric ceramic composition has a main component having a perovskite type compound shown by a compositional formula (Ba.sub.1-x-ySr.sub.xCa.sub.y).sub.m(Ti.sub.1-zZr.sub.z)O.sub.3, a first sub component having oxides of a rare earth element R, a second sub component as a sintering agent, wherein the dielectric particles has dielectric particles having high diffusion rate of the rare earth element, preferably of a complete solid solution particle, and when a concentration of Ti atom in the diffusion phase is 100 atom %, then an average concentration of the rare earth element R in the diffusion phase is 5 atom % or more, and an average concentration of Zr in the diffusion phase is 10 atom % or more.

A ceramic composition includes a ceramic powder and a phosphor (P). The phosphor (P) has a content of 1 to 2 wt %, based on a total weight of the ceramic powder not including the phosphor (P).