A polycrystalline ceramic solid and a method for producing a polycrystalline ceramic solid are disclosed. In an embodiment a polycrystalline ceramic solid includes a main phase with a composition of the general formula: (1-y)Pb.sub.a(Mg.sub.bNb.sub.c)O.sub.3-e+yPb.sub.aTi.sub.dO.sub.3 with 0.055y0.065, 0.95a1.02, 0.29b0.36, 0.63c0.69, 0.9d1.1, and 0e0.1, and optionally one or more secondary phases, wherein, in each section through the solid, a proportion of the secondary phases relative to any given cross-sectional area through the solid is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, or wherein the solid is free of the secondary phases.

A stacked structure including: a single crystal substrate and, single crystal material on the single crystal substrate, wherein the single crystal material has a same crystallographic orientation as a crystallographic orientation of the single crystal substrate. Also a method of forming the stacked structure, a ceramic electronic component, and a device.

An electroactive ceramic may be incorporated into a transparent optical element and may characterized by an average grain size of less than 200 nm, a relative density of at least 99%, and a transmissivity within the visible spectrum of at least 50%, while maintaining a d.sub.33 value of at least 20 pC/N. Optical properties of the electroactive ceramic, including transmissivity, haze, and clarity may be substantially unchanged during actuation of the optical element and the attendant application of a voltage to a layer of the electroactive ceramic.

Systems and methods include a computer-implemented method can be used to make milling tools from new wurtzite boron nitride (w-BN) superhard material. An ultra-high-pressure, high-temperature operation is performed on pure w-BN powder to synthesize w-BN and cubic boron nitride (c-BN) compact having a first size greater than particles of the pure w-BN powder. The ultra-high-pressure, high-temperature operation includes pressurizing the w-BN powder to a pressure of approximately 20 Gigapascal, heating the w-BN powder at a heating rate of 100 C./minute and cooling the w-BN powder at a cooling rate of 50 C./minute. The compact is cut to a second size smaller than the first size using laser cutting tools. The cut compact is turbulently mixed with additives in a mixer under vacuum. The cut compact mixed with the additives is thermally sprayed onto a tool substrate to form the tool.

A transparent sintered body having fewer air bubble-derived defects is provided. More specifically, a method is provided of producing a ceramic molded product including at least a step of pressure-molding ceramic granules having a Hausner ratio, which is a quotient obtained by dividing a tapped bulk density by a loose bulk density, of 1.0 or more but not more than 1.2. Also provided is a method of producing a transparent sintered body including at least each of the steps of the above method to obtain a ceramic molded product and a step of heating and sintering the resulting ceramic molded product. The transparent sintered body has a linear transmittance of 78% or more at a wavelength of 600 nm to 2000 nm inclusive except for an element-derived characteristic absorption wavelength.

A lead-free lithium doped potassium sodium niobate piezoelectric ceramic material in powdered form and having a single crystalline phase and uses thereof are described. Methods of making the said piezoelectric ceramic material are also described.

A process for producing an ordered martensitic iron nitride powder that is suitable for use as a permanent magnetic material is provided. The process includes fabricating an iron alloy powder having a desired composition and uniformity; nitriding the iron alloy powder by contacting the material with a nitrogen source in a fluidized bed reactor to produce a nitride iron powder; transforming the nitride iron powder to a disordered martensitic phase; annealing the disordered martensitic phase to an ordered martensitic phase; and separating the ordered martensitic phase from the iron nitride powder to yield an ordered martensitic iron nitride powder.

An electroactive ceramic may be incorporated into a transparent optical element and may characterized by an average grain size of less than 200 nm, a relative density of at least 99%, and a transmissivity within the visible spectrum of at least 50%, while maintaining a d.sub.33 value of at least 20 pC/N. Optical properties of the electroactive ceramic, including transmissivity, haze, and clarity may be substantially unchanged during actuation of the optical element and the attendant application of a voltage to a layer of the electroactive ceramic.

[Problem to be solved] To provide an IGZO sputtering target occurring less arcing

[Means for solving the problem] An IGZO sputtering target comprising In, Ga, Zn, and O, wherein atom ratios for In, Ga, and Zn are: 0.30In/(In+Ga+Zn)0.36, 0.30Ga/(In+Ga+Zn)0.36 and 0.30Zn/(In+Ga+Zn)0.36, wherein a relative density is at least 96%, wherein average crystal grain size in surface of the sputtering target is 30.0 m or less, and wherein difference of the grain size in surface of the sputtering target is 20% or less (1.0Dmax/Dmin1.2).

An electroactive ceramic may be incorporated into a transparent optical element between transparent electrodes and may characterized by a preferred crystallographic orientation. The preferred crystallographic orientation may be aligned along a polar axis of the electroactive ceramic and substantially parallel to each of the electrodes. Optical properties of the optical element, including transmissivity, haze, and clarity may be substantially unchanged during actuation thereof and the attendant application of a voltage to the electroactive ceramic.