There is provided a group III nitride laminate, including: a substrate comprised of silicon carbide; a first layer comprised of aluminum nitride and formed on the substrate; a second layer comprised of gallium nitride and formed on the first layer; and a third layer formed on the second layer and comprised of group III nitride having an electron affinity lower than that of the gallium nitride which is comprised in the second layer, the second layer having a thickness of less than 500 nm, the second layer containing iron at a concentration of less than 1-10.sup.17/cm.sup.3, and the second layer containing carbon at a concentration of less than 110.sup.17/cm.sup.3.

A ceramic molded body including a ceramic powder and an organic binder includes an oxidizable ceramic powder as the ceramic powder, includes an oxidizable metal or metal compound, or is in contact with a solid body including an oxidizable metal or metal compound. In a hydrogen atmosphere, the ceramic molded body is heated to a maximum temperature set within a range of 1,100 C. to 1,400 C. at a heating rate of more than 25 C./h, is degreased at the maximum temperature, and is then cooled at a cooling rate of more than 25 C./h.

A thermoelectric conversion element includes an element body formed of a thermoelectric conversion material of a silicide-based compound, and electrodes each formed on one surface of the element body and the other surface opposite the one surface. The electrodes are formed of a sintered body of a copper silicide, and the electrodes and the element body are directly joined.

A method for forming an ultra-high temperature (UHT) composite structure includes dispensing a polymeric precursor with a spinneret biased at a first DC voltage; forming a plurality of nanofibers from the polymeric precursor; receiving the plurality of nanofibers with a collector biased at a second DC voltage different than the first DC voltage; and changing a direction of movement of the plurality of nanofibers between the spinneret and the collector with a plurality of magnets having a magnetic field by adjusting the magnetic field.

A composite includes a component and a glass or glass ceramic material. The component has a first coefficient of expansion .sub.1 and the glass or the glass ceramic material has a second coefficient of expansion .sub.2. The glass or the glass ceramic material has a surface with a thickness and thickness differences (TTV) within the surface, and thickness fluctuations (LTV). The composite has a residual stress in the glass or the glass ceramic material (WARP), and a geometric and material-physical degree of compatibility KG4.

A ceramic composite can include a first ceramic phase and a second ceramic phase. The first ceramic phase can include a silicon carbide. The second phase can include a boron carbide. In an embodiment, the silicon carbide in the first ceramic phase can have a grain size in a range of 0.8 to 200 microns. The first phase, the second phase, or both can further include a carbon. In another embodiment, at least one of the first ceramic phase and the second ceramic phase can have a median minimum width of at least 5 microns.

Methods for preparing ceramic products using liquid infusion technology and products formed from the same are provided. The methods and products include the incorporation of a particulate material and binder between ceramic fibers such that the fibers may be properly spaced during formation of the ceramic product. Ceramic matrix composite products can thereby be provided using near net shaping methods.

The invention relates to an insert brazed on a body of cutting tools (101), consisting of: a metal substrate (11), in the form of plates, having a surface for attachment to the tool body; a high-temperature, brazing, alloy layer (12); an intermediate layer; and a ceramic plate (14). The brazing alloy layer connects the metal substrate (11) of the ceramic plate (14) via the metal layer (13). A low-temperature brazing layer (1) connects the insert (1, 1) to the body of the tool (101).

Embodiments of the invention relate to polycrystalline diamond (PCD) exhibiting enhanced diamond-to-diamond bonding. In an embodiment, PCD includes a plurality of diamond grains defining a plurality of interstitial regions. A metal-solvent catalyst occupies at least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions. The plurality of diamond grains and the metal-solvent catalyst collectively exhibit a coercivity of about 115 Oersteds (Oe) or more and a specific magnetic saturation of about 15 Gauss.Math.cm.sup.3/grams (G.Math.cm.sup.3/g) or less. Other embodiments are directed to polycrystalline diamond compacts (PDCs) employing such PCD, methods of forming PCD and PDCs, and various applications for such PCD and PDCs in rotary drill bits, bearing apparatuses, and wire-drawing dies.

A ceramic composite can include a first ceramic phase and a second ceramic phase. The first ceramic phase can include a silicon carbide. The second phase can include a boron carbide. In an embodiment, the silicon carbide in the first ceramic phase can have a grain size in a range of 0.8 to 200 microns. The first phase, the second phase, or both can further include a carbon. In another embodiment, at least one of the first ceramic phase and the second ceramic phase can have a median minimum width of at least 5 microns.