A carbon fiber tube preferably includes first, second and third carbon fiber sheets. The first carbon fiber sheet includes a cross weave pattern of fibers, which cross each other at substantially 90 degrees. One axis of the fibers of the first carbon fiber sheet is aligned to form a lengthwise axis of the carbon fiber tube. The second carbon fiber sheet includes the same cross weave pattern as the first carbon fiber sheet. One axis of the fibers of the second carbon fiber sheet is turned 45 degrees relative to the lengthwise axis. The third carbon fiber sheet includes the same cross weave pattern as the first carbon fiber sheet. One axis of the fibers of the third carbon fiber sheet is aligned with the lengthwise axis of the carbon fiber tube. The first, second and third carbon fiber sheets are baked in an autoclave.

A method for the joining of ceramic pieces with a hermetically sealed joint comprising brazing a continuous layer of joining material between the two pieces. The wetting and flow of the joining material is controlled by the selection of the joining material, the joining temperature, the time at temperature, the joining atmosphere, and other factors. The ceramic pieces may be aluminum nitride and the pieces may be brazed with an aluminum alloy under controlled atmosphere. The joint material is adapted to later withstand both the environments within a process chamber during substrate processing, and the oxygenated atmosphere which may be seen within the shaft of a heater or electrostatic chuck.

A joined structure includes a joint section in which a plurality of tubular bodies formed of a ceramic-based composite material are joined to each other such that end surfaces of the tubular bodies abut each other via an intermediate material. The joint section is configured such that each of the end surfaces of the joined tubular bodies is inclined from one of an inner surface and an outer surface of the tubular body toward the other.

A method is described of producing a catalyst-containing composite oxygen ion membrane and a catalyst-containing composite oxygen ion membrane in which a porous fuel oxidation layer and a dense separation layer and optionally, a porous surface exchange layer are formed on a porous support from mixtures of (Ln.sub.1?xA.sub.x).sub.wCr.sub.1?yB.sub.yO.sub.3?? and a doped zirconia. Adding certain catalyst metals into the fuel oxidation layer not only enhances the initial oxygen flux, but also reduces the degradation rate of the oxygen flux over long-term operation. One of the possible reasons for the improved flux and stability is that the addition of the catalyst metal reduces the chemical reaction between the (Ln.sub.1?xA.sub.x).sub.wCr.sub.1?yB.sub.yO.sub.3?? and the zirconia phases during membrane fabrication and operation, as indicated by the X-ray diffraction results.

An apparatus can include a ceramic component, a metal component, and a glass sealing material that bonds the ceramic and metal components to each other. In an embodiment, the coefficients of thermal expansion of the components and glass sealing material can be within 4 ppm/ C. of one another. The metal component may be relatively oxidation resistant. The glass sealing material may have a relatively low amount of an amorphous phase as compared to one or more crystalline phases within the glass sealing material. The apparatuses can exhibit good bond strength even after long term exposure to high temperature, thermal cycling to a high temperature, or both. In an embodiment, the metal component may allow another metal component of a different composition to be used without a significant impact on the integrity of the bonded apparatus.

An extended length tube structure includes a first ceramic tube segment having a first end and a second end, and a second ceramic tube segment having a first end and a second end, in which the second end of the first ceramic tube segment is arranged to face the first end of the second ceramic tube segment. A ceramic coupling component is positioned to circumscribe the end-to-end configuration of the tube segments, and is sinter-bonded to the tube segments to form a continuous, extended length tube structure having a seal, such as a sinter bond or an interference bond, that is free of bond materials.

An improved method for embedding one or more sensors in SiC is provided. The method includes depositing a binder onto successive layers of a SiC powder feedstock to produce a dimensionally stable green body have a true-sized cavity. A sensor component is then press-fit into the true-sized cavity. Alternatively, the green body is printed around the sensor component. The assembly (the green body and the sensor component) is heated within a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) chamber for debinding, and a precursor gas is introduced for densifying the SiC matrix material. During infiltration, the sensor component becomes bonded to the densified SiC matrix, the sensor component being selected to be thermodynamically compatible with CVI byproducts at elevated temperatures, including temperatures in excess of 1000? C.

A system for producing chemicals, such as, ethylene or gasoline, at high temperature (above 1100 degrees C.) having a feedstock source. The system includes a chemical conversion portion connected with the feedstock source to receive feedstock and convert the feedstock to ethylene or gasoline. The conversion portion includes a coil array and a furnace that heats the feedstock to temperatures in excess of 1100 C. or 1200 C. or even 1250 C. or even 1300 C. or even 1400 C. A method for producing chemicals, such as ethylene or gasoline, at high temperature.

There are provided a continuous fiber-reinforced silicon carbide member and the like which allow sufficient improvement in a mechanical property and environmental resistance. The continuous fiber-reinforced silicon carbide member of an embodiment is a tubular shape and has a first composite material layer and a second composite material layer. In the first composite material layer, continuous fibers of silicon carbide are combined with a matrix of silicon carbide. In the second composite material layer, continuous fibers of carbon are combined with a matrix of silicon carbide. Then, the first composite material layer and the second composite material layer are stacked.

The invention relates to a termination device of a tubular reactor comprising at least one separation element adapted for the separation of solid particles and gaseous effluents and at least one coupling element that is part of an end of said tubular reactor, said separation element being connected to said coupling element, characterized in that each element of the termination device is made of ceramic material. The invention also relates to a tubular reactor, having a vertical or substantially vertical axis, of a fluid catalytic cracking unit equipped with a termination device according to the invention and to a corresponding fluid catalytic cracking unit.