The present invention relates to an improved process for treating lipid feedstocks such as spent vegetable oils and low-value animal fats for biofuel production. In particular, the invention relates to methods for providing an advantageous feedstock for production of hydrocarbon biofuels via hydrodeoxygenation.

The present invention relates to an improved process for treating lipid feedstocks such as spent vegetable oils and low-value animal fats for biofuel production. In particular, the invention relates to methods for providing an advantageous feedstock for production of hydrocarbon biofuels via hydrodeoxygenation.

The present disclosure provides compounds, compositions, and methods for preparing alkenyl halides and/or haloalkyl-substituted olefins with Z-selectivity. The methods are particularly useful for preparing alkenyl fluorides such as CF.sub.3-substituted olefins by means of cross-metathesis reactions using halogen-containing molybdenum and tungsten complexes.

The present disclosure provides compounds, compositions, and methods for preparing alkenyl halides and/or haloalkyl-substituted olefins with Z-selectivity. The methods are particularly useful for preparing alkenyl fluorides such as CF.sub.3-substituted olefins by means of cross-metathesis reactions using halogen-containing molybdenum and tungsten complexes.

The application relates to a process for the production of alpha-springene (formula (I)) and beta-springene (formula (II)) from geranyl geranyl acetate (formula (III)).

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The application relates to a process for the production of alpha-springene (formula (I)) and beta-springene (formula (II)) from geranyl geranyl acetate (formula (III)).

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The application relates to a process for the production of alpha-springene (formula (I)) and beta-springene (formula (II)) from geranyl geranyl acetate (formula (III)).

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The invention relates to a method for producing butadiene that is fed with a butanediol feedstock, with said method comprising at least: a) An esterification step comprising: A reaction section; A separation section producing a butanediol diester effluent, a water effluent, and a carboxylic acid effluent; b) An esterification pyrolysis step; c) A separation step comprising at least: A cooling section producing a liquid pyrolysis effluent and a vapor pyrolysis effluent; A gas-liquid washing section that is fed at the top with a fraction of the carboxylic acid effluent that is obtained from the separation section of step a) and at the bottom with said vapor pyrolysis effluent and producing at the top a butadiene effluent and at the bottom a washing effluent; in which a carboxylic-acid-rich stream comprising at least a portion of the liquid pyrolysis effluent is recycled to step a); d) A separation step.

The invention relates to a method for producing butadiene that is fed with a butanediol feedstock, with said method comprising at least: a) An esterification step comprising: A reaction section; A separation section producing a butanediol diester effluent, a water effluent, and a carboxylic acid effluent; b) An esterification pyrolysis step; c) A separation step comprising at least: A cooling section producing a liquid pyrolysis effluent and a vapor pyrolysis effluent; A gas-liquid washing section that is fed at the top with a fraction of the carboxylic acid effluent that is obtained from the separation section of step a) and at the bottom with said vapor pyrolysis effluent and producing at the top a butadiene effluent and at the bottom a washing effluent; in which a carboxylic-acid-rich stream comprising at least a portion of the liquid pyrolysis effluent is recycled to step a); d) A separation step.

The invention relates to a method for producing butadiene that is fed with a butanediol feedstock, with said method comprising at least: a) An esterification step comprising: A reaction section; A separation section producing a butanediol diester effluent, a water effluent, and a carboxylic acid effluent; b) An esterification pyrolysis step; c) A separation step comprising at least: A cooling section producing a liquid pyrolysis effluent and a vapor pyrolysis effluent; A gas-liquid washing section that is fed at the top with a fraction of the carboxylic acid effluent that is obtained from the separation section of step a) and at the bottom with said vapor pyrolysis effluent and producing at the top a butadiene effluent and at the bottom a washing effluent; in which a carboxylic-acid-rich stream comprising at least a portion of the liquid pyrolysis effluent is recycled to step a); d) A separation step.