Processes for the production of olefins are disclosed, which may include: contacting a hydrocarbon mixture comprising linear butenes with an isomerization catalyst to form an isomerization product comprising 2-butenes and 1-butenes; contacting the isomerization product with a first metathesis catalyst to form a first metathesis product comprising 2-pentene and propylene, as well as any unreacted C.sub.4 olefins, and byproducts ethylene and 3-hexene; and fractionating the first metathesis product to form a C3− fraction and a C5 fraction comprising 2-pentene. The 2-pentene may then be advantageously used to produce high purity 1-butene, 3-hexene, 1-hexene, propylene, or other desired products.

A method for preparing hydrocarbons is proposed, which comprises, in a catalysis unit (1) using one or more catalysis feed streams (a) containing oxygenates and/or olefins, producing a catalysis product stream (b) containing n-butane, isobutane, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene and hydrocarbons with more than four and/or less than four carbon atoms, and which further comprises producing a steam cracking product stream (s) in a steam cracking unit (2) using one or more steam cracking feed streams (g, n, l, r). It is provided that at least the great majority of the hydrocarbons with more than four and/or less than four carbon atoms and the isobutene is eliminated from the catalysis product stream (b) or a part thereof, whereby a stream (g, n) containing at least 5 percent by mole 1-butene and/or 2-butene is formed, and in that this stream (g, n) containing at least 5 percent by mole 1-butene and/or 2-butene or one or more streams (l, r) derived therefrom is or are used as the steam cracking feed stream or streams (g, n, l, r). The invention also relates to a corresponding apparatus (100, 200, 300).

A method for preparing hydrocarbons is proposed, which comprises, in a catalysis unit (1) using one or more catalysis feed streams (a) containing oxygenates and/or olefins, producing a catalysis product stream (b) containing n-butane, isobutane, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene and hydrocarbons with more than four and/or less than four carbon atoms, and which further comprises producing a steam cracking product stream (s) in a steam cracking unit (2) using one or more steam cracking feed streams (g, n, l, r). It is provided that at least the great majority of the hydrocarbons with more than four and/or less than four carbon atoms and the isobutene is eliminated from the catalysis product stream (b) or a part thereof, whereby a stream (g, n) containing at least 5 percent by mole 1-butene and/or 2-butene is formed, and in that this stream (g, n) containing at least 5 percent by mole 1-butene and/or 2-butene or one or more streams (l, r) derived therefrom is or are used as the steam cracking feed stream or streams (g, n, l, r). The invention also relates to a corresponding apparatus (100, 200, 300).

A method for preparing hydrocarbons is proposed, which comprises, in a catalysis unit (1) using one or more catalysis feed streams (a) containing oxygenates and/or olefins, producing a catalysis product stream (b) containing n-butane, isobutane, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene and hydrocarbons with more than four and/or less than four carbon atoms, and which further comprises producing a steam cracking product stream (s) in a steam cracking unit (2) using one or more steam cracking feed streams (g, n, l, r). It is provided that at least the great majority of the hydrocarbons with more than four and/or less than four carbon atoms and the isobutene is eliminated from the catalysis product stream (b) or a part thereof, whereby a stream (g, n) containing at least 5 percent by mole 1-butene and/or 2-butene is formed, and in that this stream (g, n) containing at least 5 percent by mole 1-butene and/or 2-butene or one or more streams (l, r) derived therefrom is or are used as the steam cracking feed stream or streams (g, n, l, r). The invention also relates to a corresponding apparatus (100, 200, 300).

A method for producing hydrocarbons is proposed wherein a catalysis product stream (b) rich in n-butane, isobutane, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene and hydrocarbons with more than four and/or less than four carbon atoms is produced in a catalysis unit (1), using one or more catalyst feed streams containing oxygenates and/or olefins (a) and wherein additionally a steam cracking product stream (h) is produced in a steam cracking unit (2) using one or more steam cracking feed streams (g, r, s). It is provided that using the catalysis product stream (b) a skeletal isomerisation feed stream (f, q) poor in 1-butene, 2-butene and isobutene and containing at least isobutane is produced, in which the isobutane is at least predominantly reacted by skeletal isomerisation to form n-butane, and which is subsequently used at least partly as the, or one of the, steam cracking feed streams (g, r). The invention also relates to an apparatus (100, 200).

A method for producing hydrocarbons is proposed wherein a catalysis product stream (b) rich in n-butane, isobutane, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene and hydrocarbons with more than four and/or less than four carbon atoms is produced in a catalysis unit (1), using one or more catalyst feed streams containing oxygenates and/or olefins (a) and wherein additionally a steam cracking product stream (h) is produced in a steam cracking unit (2) using one or more steam cracking feed streams (g, r, s). It is provided that using the catalysis product stream (b) a skeletal isomerisation feed stream (f, q) poor in 1-butene, 2-butene and isobutene and containing at least isobutane is produced, in which the isobutane is at least predominantly reacted by skeletal isomerisation to form n-butane, and which is subsequently used at least partly as the, or one of the, steam cracking feed streams (g, r). The invention also relates to an apparatus (100, 200).

A method for producing hydrocarbons is proposed wherein a catalysis product stream (b) rich in n-butane, isobutane, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene and hydrocarbons with more than four and/or less than four carbon atoms is produced in a catalysis unit (1), using one or more catalyst feed streams containing oxygenates and/or olefins (a) and wherein additionally a steam cracking product stream (h) is produced in a steam cracking unit (2) using one or more steam cracking feed streams (g, r, s). It is provided that using the catalysis product stream (b) a skeletal isomerisation feed stream (f, q) poor in 1-butene, 2-butene and isobutene and containing at least isobutane is produced, in which the isobutane is at least predominantly reacted by skeletal isomerisation to form n-butane, and which is subsequently used at least partly as the, or one of the, steam cracking feed streams (g, r). The invention also relates to an apparatus (100, 200).

Improved systems and methods for producing propylene from olefins including isobutylene is disclosed. The improvements combine streams containing co-produced 1-butene, 2-butene, butadiene, and heavy olefins (C5+) exiting both a metathesis reactor and a skeletal isomerization reactor in a gasoline fractionation tower to remove the heavy olefins. The C4-containing distillate from the gasoline fractionation tower is then fed to a hydroisomerization unit to form mono-olefins and 2-butene. The resulting 2-butene rich stream can then be utilized in metathesis reactions to increase the production of propylene while increasing the lifetime of the metathesis catalyst.

Improved systems and methods for producing propylene from olefins including isobutylene is disclosed. The improvements combine streams containing co-produced 1-butene, 2-butene, butadiene, and heavy olefins (C5+) exiting both a metathesis reactor and a skeletal isomerization reactor in a gasoline fractionation tower to remove the heavy olefins. The C4-containing distillate from the gasoline fractionation tower is then fed to a hydroisomerization unit to form mono-olefins and 2-butene. The resulting 2-butene rich stream can then be utilized in metathesis reactions to increase the production of propylene while increasing the lifetime of the metathesis catalyst.

A systems and a method for isomerizing a feedstock to form an alpha-olefin product stream are provided. An exemplary method includes calcining the red mud, flowing an olefin feedstock over the red mud in an isomerization reactor, and separating the alpha-olefin from a reactor effluent.