The present disclosure provides a method of preparing unsaturated hydrocarbons by black body photocatalytic (thermal radiative catalytic) conversion of saturated hydrocarbons. In this method, a saturated hydrocarbon reaction gas is introduced into a reaction furnace, and the saturated hydrocarbon is catalyzed to convert under heating and illumination conditions to prepare the unsaturated hydrocarbons. The photocatalysis is combined to the conventional thermal catalysis to improve the catalytic performance, accelerate the reaction speed, increase the conversion rate, and/or improve the selectivity of the catalytic reaction.

Processes and systems for dehydrogenating ethylbenzene may include mixing a steam stream and an ethylbenzene stream to form a feed mixture. The ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture may then be fed to a dehydrogenation reactor containing an alkali metal promoted catalyst. A liquid, selected from an alkali metal liquid, an alkali metal compound liquid, or a liquid solution comprising an alkali metal, may be injected into a feed stream, such as the steam stream, the ethylbenzene stream, or the ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture. Following injection, the liquid vaporizes and disperses into the feed stream upstream of the dehydrogenation reactor. The liquid may be maintained as a liquid from a point upstream of injection to an injection nozzle. The liquid is dispersed through the injection nozzle, in liquid form, to form droplets of liquid dispersed in the feed stream, which evaporate and/or dissolve into the vaporous feed stream.

Disclosed is an olefin production method including: pretreating a catalyst by providing reduction gas to an alumina type catalyst to produce olefin from the hydrocarbon including not less than 90 wt % of LPG (Stage 1); producing the olefin by providing the catalyst pretreated at Stage 1 into Riser of Fast Fluidization Regime to dehydrogenate the hydrocarbon (Stage 2); separating the mixture of the produced propylene and the catalyst used at Stage 2, and regenerating the separated catalyst (Stage 3); and recycling the catalyst regenerated at Stage 3 to the process of Stage 1 (Stage 4).

Disclosed is an olefin production method including: pretreating a catalyst by providing reduction gas to an alumina type catalyst to produce olefin from the hydrocarbon including not less than 90 wt % of LPG (Stage 1); producing the olefin by providing the catalyst pretreated at Stage 1 into Riser of Fast Fluidization Regime to dehydrogenate the hydrocarbon (Stage 2); separating the mixture of the produced propylene and the catalyst used at Stage 2, and regenerating the separated catalyst (Stage 3); and recycling the catalyst regenerated at Stage 3 to the process of Stage 1 (Stage 4).

Processes and systems for dehydrogenating ethylbenzene may include mixing a steam stream and an ethylbenzene stream to form a feed mixture. The ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture may then be fed to a dehydrogenation reactor containing an alkali metal promoted catalyst. A liquid, selected from an alkali metal liquid, an alkali metal compound liquid, or a liquid solution comprising an alkali metal, may be injected into a feed stream, such as the steam stream, the ethylbenzene stream, or the ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture. Following injection, the liquid vaporizes and disperses into the feed stream upstream of the dehydrogenation reactor. The liquid may be maintained as a liquid from a point upstream of injection to an injection nozzle. The liquid is dispersed through the injection nozzle, in liquid form, to form droplets of liquid dispersed in the feed stream, which evaporate and/or dissolve into the vaporous feed stream.

The present disclosure relates to chromium-on-alumina dehydrogenation catalyst materials, to methods for making such catalysts, and to methods for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons using such catalysts. In one aspect, the disclosure provides a method for preparing a dehydrogenation catalyst material, the method comprising impregnating a chromium-on-alumina material with ascorbic acid, one or more of sodium, lithium and potassium (e.g., sodium), and chromium; and calcining the impregnated material to provide the dehydrogenation catalyst material comprising chromium in the range of 2.5 wt. % to about 35 wt. % and having no more than 100 ppm chromium(VI).

The present disclosure relates to chromium-on-alumina dehydrogenation catalyst materials, to methods for making such catalysts, and to methods for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons using such catalysts. In one aspect, the disclosure provides a method for preparing a dehydrogenation catalyst material, the method comprising impregnating a chromium-on-alumina material with ascorbic acid, one or more of sodium, lithium and potassium (e.g., sodium), and chromium; and calcining the impregnated material to provide the dehydrogenation catalyst material comprising chromium in the range of 2.5 wt. % to about 35 wt. % and having no more than 100 ppm chromium(VI).

The integrated process comprises a step a) of dehydrogenating propane providing a stream S1 comprising propane and propene; a step b) of separating stream S1 in at least one rectification column, providing an overhead product stream S2 comprising more than 99% by weight propene, a side stream S3 comprising from 90 to 98% by weight propene and a bottoms product stream S4 enriched in propane; a step c) of reacting propene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an epoxidation catalyst using propene in molar excess; and a step d) of separating non-reacted propene and propene oxide from the reaction mixture of step c) providing a propene oxide product and a stream S5 comprising propene and propane; wherein stream S3 is passed to step c), stream S5 is recycled to step b) and stream S4 is recycled to step a).

A carbonaceous material, based on the total weight of the carbonaceous material, contains 1-99 wt % of a carbon element, 0.2-60 wt % of a magnesium element, 0.5-60 wt % of an oxygen element and 0.1-40 wt % of a chlorine element. The process for preparing the carbonaceous material include (1) Mixing a solid carbon source, a precursor and water to produce a mixture; wherein said precursor contains a magnesium source and a chlorine source; (2) Drying the resulting mixture obtained in Step (1) to produce a dried mixture; and (3) Calcining the dried mixture obtained in Step (2). The carbonaceous material can be used in catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons.

Disclosed is an olefin production method including: pretreating a catalyst by providing reduction gas to an alumina type catalyst to produce olefin from the hydrocarbon including not less than 90 wt % of LPG (Stage 1); producing the olefin by providing the catalyst pretreated at Stage 1 into Riser of Fast Fluidization Regime to dehydrogenate the hydrocarbon (Stage 2); separating the mixture of the produced propylene and the catalyst used at Stage 2, and regenerating the separated catalyst (Stage 3); and recycling the catalyst regenerated at Stage 3 to the process of Stage 1 (Stage 4).