Methods of simultaneously converting butanes and methanol to olefins over Ti-containing zeolite catalysts are described. The exothermicity of the alcohols to olefins reaction is matched by endothermicity of dehydrogenation reaction of butane(s) to light olefins resulting in a thermo-neutral process. The Ti-containing zeolites provide excellent selectivity to light olefins as well as exceptionally high hydrothermal stability. The coupled reaction may advantageously be conducted in a staged reactor with methanol/DME conversion zones alternating with zones for butane(s) dehydrogenation. The resulting light olefins can then be reacted with iso-butane to produce high-octane alkylate. The net result is a highly efficient and low cost method for converting methanol and butanes to alkylate.

Methods of simultaneously converting butanes and methanol to olefins over Ti-containing zeolite catalysts are described. The exothermicity of the alcohols to olefins reaction is matched by endothermicity of dehydrogenation reaction of butane(s) to light olefins resulting in a thermo-neutral process. The Ti-containing zeolites provide excellent selectivity to light olefins as well as exceptionally high hydrothermal stability. The coupled reaction may advantageously be conducted in a staged reactor with methanol/DME conversion zones alternating with zones for butane(s) dehydrogenation. The resulting light olefins can then be reacted with iso-butane to produce high-octane alkylate. The net result is a highly efficient and low cost method for converting methanol and butanes to alkylate.

Disclosed are methods and systems for removing a highly reactive polymer precursor such as carbonyls from a liquid hydrocarbon stream. Embodiments may disclose a method for removal of carbonyls from a liquid hydrocarbon stream comprising the steps of providing a liquid hydrocarbon stream containing carbonyls, providing a liquid bisulfite stream comprising an alkali metal bisulfite, and contacting the liquid hydrocarbon stream and the liquid bisulfite stream in a mass transfer device wherein at least a portion of the carbonyl reacts with the alkali metal bisulfite to form a solid adduct that is soluble in the bisulfite solution.

Disclosed are methods and systems for removing a highly reactive polymer precursor such as carbonyls from a liquid hydrocarbon stream. Embodiments may disclose a method for removal of carbonyls from a liquid hydrocarbon stream comprising the steps of providing a liquid hydrocarbon stream containing carbonyls, providing a liquid bisulfite stream comprising an alkali metal bisulfite, and contacting the liquid hydrocarbon stream and the liquid bisulfite stream in a mass transfer device wherein at least a portion of the carbonyl reacts with the alkali metal bisulfite to form a solid adduct that is soluble in the bisulfite solution.

According to the present invention, a deuterium-substituted marker for fuel is synthesized through substitution with deuterium so as to have structurally and chemically similar properties to those of a molecule configuring fuel oil. A molecule of the deuterium-substituted marker is significantly similar to the conventional molecule configuring the fuel oil, which may prevent illegal removal of the marker by the fake oil manufacturers. According to the present invention, it is able to pursue public safety and environmental protection from fake oil products, and to prevent national tax evasion, by preventing the illegal mixing of fuel oil to secure a legal distribution of the oil market according to the present invention.

According to the present invention, a deuterium-substituted marker for fuel is synthesized through substitution with deuterium so as to have structurally and chemically similar properties to those of a molecule configuring fuel oil. A molecule of the deuterium-substituted marker is significantly similar to the conventional molecule configuring the fuel oil, which may prevent illegal removal of the marker by the fake oil manufacturers. According to the present invention, it is able to pursue public safety and environmental protection from fake oil products, and to prevent national tax evasion, by preventing the illegal mixing of fuel oil to secure a legal distribution of the oil market according to the present invention.

A trialkylphosphonium haloaluminate compound having a formula:

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are the same or different and each is independently selected from C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 hydrocarbyl; and X is selected from F, Cl, Br, I, or combinations thereof is described. An ionic liquid catalyst composition incorporating the trialkylphosphonium haloaluminate compound, methods of making the trialkylphosphonium haloaluminate compound, and alkylation processes incorporating the trialkylphosphonium haloaluminate compound are also described.

A trialkylphosphonium haloaluminate compound having a formula:

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are the same or different and each is independently selected from C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 hydrocarbyl; and X is selected from F, Cl, Br, I, or combinations thereof is described. An ionic liquid catalyst composition incorporating the trialkylphosphonium haloaluminate compound, methods of making the trialkylphosphonium haloaluminate compound, and alkylation processes incorporating the trialkylphosphonium haloaluminate compound are also described.

A process utilizing an ionic liquid is described. The process includes contacting a hydrocarbon feed with an ionic liquid component, the ionic liquid component comprising a mixture of a first ionic liquid and a viscosity modifier, wherein a viscosity of the ionic liquid component is at least about 10% less than a viscosity of the first ionic liquid.

A process utilizing an ionic liquid is described. The process includes contacting a hydrocarbon feed with an ionic liquid component, the ionic liquid component comprising a mixture of a first ionic liquid and a viscosity modifier, wherein a viscosity of the ionic liquid component is at least about 10% less than a viscosity of the first ionic liquid.