Provided is a mononuclear ruthenium complex that comprises a ruthenium-silicon bond that is represented by formula (1) and that exhibits excellent catalyst activity in each of a hydrosilylation reaction, a hydrogenation reaction, and reduction of a carbonyl compound. ##STR00001## In formula (1), R.sup.1-R.sup.6 either independently represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or the like that may be substituted with a hydrogen atom or X, or represent a crosslinking substituent in which at least one pair comprising one of R.sup.1-R.sup.3 and one of R.sup.4-R.sup.6 is combined. X represents a halogen atom, an organoxy group, or the like. L represents a two-electron ligand other than CO and phosphine. When a plurality of L are present, the plurality of L may be the same as or different from each other. When two L are present, the two L may be bonded to each other. n and m independently represent an integer of 1 to 3 with the stipulation that n+m equals 3 or 4.

Provided is a mononuclear ruthenium complex that comprises a ruthenium-silicon bond that is represented by formula (1) and that exhibits excellent catalyst activity in each of a hydrosilylation reaction, a hydrogenation reaction, and reduction of a carbonyl compound. ##STR00001## In formula (1), R.sup.1-R.sup.6 either independently represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or the like that may be substituted with a hydrogen atom or X, or represent a crosslinking substituent in which at least one pair comprising one of R.sup.1-R.sup.3 and one of R.sup.4-R.sup.6 is combined. X represents a halogen atom, an organoxy group, or the like. L represents a two-electron ligand other than CO and phosphine. When a plurality of L are present, the plurality of L may be the same as or different from each other. When two L are present, the two L may be bonded to each other. n and m independently represent an integer of 1 to 3 with the stipulation that n+m equals 3 or 4.

The present disclosure generally relates to the production of fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, and precursors thereof. The compounds used to produce the fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, and precursors thereof may be derived from biomass. The fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, and precursors thereof may be produced by a combination of intermolecular and/or intramolecular aldol condensation reactions, Guerbet reactions, hydrogenation reactions, and/or oligomerization reactions.

The present disclosure generally relates to the production of fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, and precursors thereof. The compounds used to produce the fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, and precursors thereof may be derived from biomass. The fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, and precursors thereof may be produced by a combination of intermolecular and/or intramolecular aldol condensation reactions, Guerbet reactions, hydrogenation reactions, and/or oligomerization reactions.

A C.sub.10 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 55 wt. % C.sub.10 mono-olefins containing from 11 to 45 wt. % 1-decene, at least 0.5 wt. % 2-butyl-1-hexene, at least 1 wt. % 3-propyl-1-heptene, from 0.5 to 12 wt. % 4-ethyl-1-octene, at least 4 wt. % 4-penten-1-yl-cyclopentane, and from 2 to 40 wt. % 5-methyl-1-nonene. A C.sub.12 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 60 wt. % C.sub.12 mono-olefins containing at least 8 wt. % 1-dodecene and at least 0.5 wt. % 6-hepten-1-yl-cyclopentane, and the composition also containing heptylcyclopentane and n-dodecane at a weight ratio of heptylcyclopentane to n-dodecane from 0:3:1 to 8:1. A C.sub.14 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 60 wt. % C.sub.14 mono-olefins containing at least 12 wt. % 1-tetradecene and at least 0.5 wt. % 8-nonen-1-yl-cyclopentane, and the composition also containing from 3 to 30 wt. % of n-tetradecane and nonylcyclopentane.

A C.sub.10 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 55 wt. % C.sub.10 mono-olefins containing from 11 to 45 wt. % 1-decene, at least 0.5 wt. % 2-butyl-1-hexene, at least 1 wt. % 3-propyl-1-heptene, from 0.5 to 12 wt. % 4-ethyl-1-octene, at least 4 wt. % 4-penten-1-yl-cyclopentane, and from 2 to 40 wt. % 5-methyl-1-nonene. A C.sub.12 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 60 wt. % C.sub.12 mono-olefins containing at least 8 wt. % 1-dodecene and at least 0.5 wt. % 6-hepten-1-yl-cyclopentane, and the composition also containing heptylcyclopentane and n-dodecane at a weight ratio of heptylcyclopentane to n-dodecane from 0:3:1 to 8:1. A C.sub.14 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 60 wt. % C.sub.14 mono-olefins containing at least 12 wt. % 1-tetradecene and at least 0.5 wt. % 8-nonen-1-yl-cyclopentane, and the composition also containing from 3 to 30 wt. % of n-tetradecane and nonylcyclopentane.

Provided is a separation membrane that is suitable for use in separating one or more hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon mixture. More specifically, the separation membrane includes a porous support for which acid content is not substantially detected by ammonia temperature programmed desorption in a temperature range of higher than 450° C. and not higher than 600° C. and a porous separation layer containing a zeolite that is disposed on the porous support.

Provided is a separation membrane that is suitable for use in separating one or more hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon mixture. More specifically, the separation membrane includes a porous support for which acid content is not substantially detected by ammonia temperature programmed desorption in a temperature range of higher than 450° C. and not higher than 600° C. and a porous separation layer containing a zeolite that is disposed on the porous support.

A C.sub.10 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 55 wt. % C.sub.10 mono-olefins contains 1-decene, 2-butyl-1-hexene, 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 4-penten-1-yl-cyclopentane, and 5-methyl-1-nonene. A C.sub.12 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 60 wt. % C.sub.12 mono-olefins contains 1-dodecene, 6-hepten-1-yl-cyclopentane, heptylcyclopentane and n-dodecane. A C.sub.14 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 60 wt. % C.sub.14 mono-olefins contains 1-tetradecene, 8-nonen-1-yl-cyclopentane, n-tetradecane, and nonylcyclopentane.

A C.sub.10 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 55 wt. % C.sub.10 mono-olefins contains 1-decene, 2-butyl-1-hexene, 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 4-penten-1-yl-cyclopentane, and 5-methyl-1-nonene. A C.sub.12 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 60 wt. % C.sub.12 mono-olefins contains 1-dodecene, 6-hepten-1-yl-cyclopentane, heptylcyclopentane and n-dodecane. A C.sub.14 hydrocarbon composition of greater than 60 wt. % C.sub.14 mono-olefins contains 1-tetradecene, 8-nonen-1-yl-cyclopentane, n-tetradecane, and nonylcyclopentane.