A highly efficient method for the conversion of a natural product into the high density fuel RJ-4 with concomitant evolution of isobutylene for conversion to fuels and polymers, more specifically, embodiments of the invention relate to efficient methods for the conversion of the renewable, linear terpene alcohol, linalool into a drop-in, high density fuel suitable for ramjet or missile propulsion.

A highly efficient method for the conversion of a natural product into the high density fuel RJ-4 with concomitant evolution of isobutylene for conversion to fuels and polymers, more specifically, embodiments of the invention relate to efficient methods for the conversion of the renewable, linear terpene alcohol, linalool into a drop-in, high density fuel suitable for ramjet or missile propulsion.

Disclosed are mono-substituted cyclopentadienes, metal cyclopentadienyl complexes and methods for synthesizing them. The disclosed mono-substituted cyclopentadienes are synthesized by a selective catalytic carbon-carbon coupling reaction. The disclosed metal cyclopentadienyl complexes are synthesized from the disclosed mono-substituted cyclopentadienes. The disclosed metal cyclopentadienyl complexes include main group metal and transition metal cyclopentadienyl complexes, and may be used as deposition precursors contained in film forming compositions for film depositions in semiconductor industry, such as ALD, CVD, SOD, etc.

Disclosed are mono-substituted cyclopentadienes, metal cyclopentadienyl complexes and methods for synthesizing them. The disclosed mono-substituted cyclopentadienes are synthesized by a selective catalytic carbon-carbon coupling reaction. The disclosed metal cyclopentadienyl complexes are synthesized from the disclosed mono-substituted cyclopentadienes. The disclosed metal cyclopentadienyl complexes include main group metal and transition metal cyclopentadienyl complexes, and may be used as deposition precursors contained in film forming compositions for film depositions in semiconductor industry, such as ALD, CVD, SOD, etc.

Systems and methods for recovering cyclopentadiene and/or isoprene from a mixture comprising C.sub.5 hydrocarbons are disclosed. A C.sub.5 mixture comprising cyclopentadiene and/or isoprene is flowed into a dimerization unit to form dimers. The dimers are then separated from the unreacted C.sub.5 hydrocarbons. The separated dimers are monomerized to form a stream comprising cyclopentadiene and/or isoprene, which is subsequently separated to form a first product stream comprising primarily isoprene and a second product stream comprising primarily cyclopentadiene.

Systems and methods for recovering cyclopentadiene and/or isoprene from a mixture comprising C.sub.5 hydrocarbons are disclosed. A C.sub.5 mixture comprising cyclopentadiene and/or isoprene is flowed into a dimerization unit to form dimers. The dimers are then separated from the unreacted C.sub.5 hydrocarbons. The separated dimers are monomerized to form a stream comprising cyclopentadiene and/or isoprene, which is subsequently separated to form a first product stream comprising primarily isoprene and a second product stream comprising primarily cyclopentadiene.

A catalyst comprising a microporous crystalline metallosilicate having a Constraint Index of 12, or 10, or 8, or 6 or less, a binder, a Group 1 alkali metal or a compound thereof and/or a Group 2 alkaline earth metal or a compound thereof, a Group 10 metal or a compound thereof, and, optionally, a Group 11 metal or a compound thereof; wherein the catalyst is calcined in a first calcining step before the addition of the Group 10 metal or compound thereof and optionally the Group 11 metal or compound thereof; and wherein the first calcining step includes heating the catalyst to first temperatures of greater than 500° C.; and wherein the catalyst is calcined in a second calcining step after the addition of the Group 10 metal or compound thereof and optionally the Group 11 metal or compound thereof wherein the second calcining step includes heating the catalyst to temperatures of greater than 400° C.

A catalyst comprising a microporous crystalline metallosilicate having a Constraint Index of 12, or 10, or 8, or 6 or less, a binder, a Group 1 alkali metal or a compound thereof and/or a Group 2 alkaline earth metal or a compound thereof, a Group 10 metal or a compound thereof, and, optionally, a Group 11 metal or a compound thereof; wherein the catalyst is calcined in a first calcining step before the addition of the Group 10 metal or compound thereof and optionally the Group 11 metal or compound thereof; and wherein the first calcining step includes heating the catalyst to first temperatures of greater than 500° C.; and wherein the catalyst is calcined in a second calcining step after the addition of the Group 10 metal or compound thereof and optionally the Group 11 metal or compound thereof wherein the second calcining step includes heating the catalyst to temperatures of greater than 400° C.

A catalyst comprising a microporous crystalline aluminosilicate having a Constraint Index less than or equal to 12, a Group 1 alkali metal or a compound thereof and/or a Group 2 alkaline earth metal or a compound thereof, a Group 10 metal or a compound thereof, and optionally a Group 11 metal or a compound thereof; wherein the total amount of Group 1 and/or Group 2 metal is present at a ratio that is optimized for the desirable chemical conversion process.

A catalyst comprising a microporous crystalline aluminosilicate having a Constraint Index less than or equal to 12, a Group 1 alkali metal or a compound thereof and/or a Group 2 alkaline earth metal or a compound thereof, a Group 10 metal or a compound thereof, and optionally a Group 11 metal or a compound thereof; wherein the total amount of Group 1 and/or Group 2 metal is present at a ratio that is optimized for the desirable chemical conversion process.