Provided herein are methods for producing cyclic and acyclic ketones from trimerization and dimerization of alkyl ketones, including for example methyl ketones. Such cyclic and acyclic ketones may be suitable for use as fuel and lubricant precursors, and may be hydrodeoxygenated to form their corresponding cycloalkanes and alkanes. Such cycloalkanes and alkanes may be suitable for use as fuels, including jet fuels, and lubricants.

The invention relates to a supported catalyst that comprises an oxide substrate that is for the most part calcined aluminum and an active phase that comprises nickel, with the nickel content being between 5 and 65% by weight of said element in relation to the total mass of the catalyst, with said active phase not comprising a metal from group VIB, the nickel particles having a diameter that is less than or equal to 20 nm, said catalyst having a median mesopore diameter of between 8 nm and 25 nm, a median macropore diameter of greater than 200 nm, a mesopore volume that is measured by mercury porosimetry that is greater than or equal to 0.30 mL/g, and a total pore volume that is measured by mercury porosimetry that is greater than or equal to 0.34 mL/g. The invention also relates to the method for preparation of said catalyst and its use in a hydrogenation method.

The invention relates to a supported catalyst that comprises an oxide substrate that is for the most part calcined aluminum and an active phase that comprises nickel, with the nickel content being between 5 and 65% by weight of said element in relation to the total mass of the catalyst, with said active phase not comprising a metal from group VIB, the nickel particles having a diameter that is less than or equal to 20 nm, said catalyst having a median mesopore diameter of between 8 nm and 25 nm, a median macropore diameter of greater than 200 nm, a mesopore volume that is measured by mercury porosimetry that is greater than or equal to 0.30 mL/g, and a total pore volume that is measured by mercury porosimetry that is greater than or equal to 0.34 mL/g. The invention also relates to the method for preparation of said catalyst and its use in a hydrogenation method.

The invention relates to polyoxometalates represented by the formula (A.sub.n).sup.m+[MM.sub.12X.sub.8O.sub.yR.sub.zH.sub.q].sup.m or solvates thereof, corresponding supported polyoxometalates, and processes for their preparation, as well as corresponding metal clusters, optionally in the form of a dispersion in a liquid carrier medium or immobilized on a solid support, and processes for their preparation, as well as their use in reductive conversion of organic substrate.

The invention relates to polyoxometalates represented by the formula (A.sub.n).sup.m+[MM.sub.12X.sub.8O.sub.yR.sub.zH.sub.q].sup.m or solvates thereof, corresponding supported polyoxometalates, and processes for their preparation, as well as corresponding metal clusters, optionally in the form of a dispersion in a liquid carrier medium or immobilized on a solid support, and processes for their preparation, as well as their use in reductive conversion of organic substrate.

The present technology provides compounds according to Formula I or Formula III as well as compositions including such compounds useful for the treatment of metastatic cancer and/or glaucoma.

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A process for hydrogenation of an aromatic hydrocarbon including introducing a hydrocarbon feed comprising the aromatic hydrocarbon, a hydrogen feed comprising hydrogen, and a hydrogenation catalyst into a hydrogenation reactor operable with a liquid phase and a gas phase to produce a hydrogenation product; removing a gas phase product stream comprising the hydrogenation product; withdrawing a portion of the liquid phase; subjecting the withdrawn portion to heat exchange to provide a reduced-temperature withdrawn portion; introducing the reduced-temperature withdrawn portion back into the hydrogenation reactor; and at least one of: (a) providing at least two heat exchangers to effect the subjecting of the withdrawn portion of the liquid phase to heat exchange; (b) separating a decomposition product of the hydrogenation catalyst, the hydrogenation catalyst, or both, from the withdrawn portion of the liquid phase prior to the heat exchange; and (c) reducing exposure of the hydrogenation catalyst to an oxygen-containing species.

A process for hydrogenation of an aromatic hydrocarbon including introducing a hydrocarbon feed comprising the aromatic hydrocarbon, a hydrogen feed comprising hydrogen, and a hydrogenation catalyst into a hydrogenation reactor operable with a liquid phase and a gas phase to produce a hydrogenation product; removing a gas phase product stream comprising the hydrogenation product; withdrawing a portion of the liquid phase; subjecting the withdrawn portion to heat exchange to provide a reduced-temperature withdrawn portion; introducing the reduced-temperature withdrawn portion back into the hydrogenation reactor; and at least one of: (a) providing at least two heat exchangers to effect the subjecting of the withdrawn portion of the liquid phase to heat exchange; (b) separating a decomposition product of the hydrogenation catalyst, the hydrogenation catalyst, or both, from the withdrawn portion of the liquid phase prior to the heat exchange; and (c) reducing exposure of the hydrogenation catalyst to an oxygen-containing species.

Disclosed herein are a calcium salts-supported metal catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a method for the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of oxygenates using the same. The catalyst, in which a metal catalyst is supported on a carrier of a calcium salt, for example, calcium carbonate, has the effect of increasing the efficiency of hydrodeoxygenation reaction of oxygenates.

Disclosed herein are a calcium salts-supported metal catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a method for the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of oxygenates using the same. The catalyst, in which a metal catalyst is supported on a carrier of a calcium salt, for example, calcium carbonate, has the effect of increasing the efficiency of hydrodeoxygenation reaction of oxygenates.