Disclosed herein are a calcium salts-supported metal catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a method for the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of oxygenates using the same. The catalyst, in which a metal catalyst is supported on a carrier of a calcium salt, for example, calcium carbonate, has the effect of increasing the efficiency of hydrodeoxygenation reaction of oxygenates.

Disclosed herein are a calcium salts-supported metal catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a method for the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of oxygenates using the same. The catalyst, in which a metal catalyst is supported on a carrier of a calcium salt, for example, calcium carbonate, has the effect of increasing the efficiency of hydrodeoxygenation reaction of oxygenates.

Disclosed herein are a calcium salts-supported metal catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a method for the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of oxygenates using the same. The catalyst, in which a metal catalyst is supported on a carrier of a calcium salt, for example, calcium carbonate, has the effect of increasing the efficiency of hydrodeoxygenation reaction of oxygenates.

The invention relates to poly oxometalates represented by the formula (A.sub.n).sup.m+{M.sub.s[MM.sub.15X.sub.10O.sub.yR.sub.zH.sub.q]}.sup.m or solvates thereof, corresponding supported polyoxometalates, and processes for their preparation, as well as corresponding metal-clusters, optionally in the form of a dispersion in a liquid carrier medium or immobilized on a solid support, and processes for their preparation, as well as their use in reductive conversion of organic substrate.

The invention relates to poly oxometalates represented by the formula (A.sub.n).sup.m+{M.sub.s[MM.sub.15X.sub.10O.sub.yR.sub.zH.sub.q]}.sup.m or solvates thereof, corresponding supported polyoxometalates, and processes for their preparation, as well as corresponding metal-clusters, optionally in the form of a dispersion in a liquid carrier medium or immobilized on a solid support, and processes for their preparation, as well as their use in reductive conversion of organic substrate.

Bimetallic catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) conversion of lignin into useful hydrocarbons are provided. The catalysts are bifunctional bimetallic ruthenium catalysts Ru-M/X.sup.+Y comprising a metal M such as iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn), zeolite Y and cation X.sup.+ (e.g. H.sup.+) associated with zeolite Y.

Bimetallic catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) conversion of lignin into useful hydrocarbons are provided. The catalysts are bifunctional bimetallic ruthenium catalysts Ru-M/X.sup.+Y comprising a metal M such as iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn), zeolite Y and cation X.sup.+ (e.g. H.sup.+) associated with zeolite Y.

The present invention relates to a chemical conversion process, preferably an isomerization process, for at least one hydrocarbon in the presence of an ionic liquid. The chemical conversion is performed in a dispersion, with dispersion of the hydrocarbon (phase (B)) in the ionic liquid (phase (A)) in the dispersion, the volume ratio of phase (A) to phase (B) being in the range from 2.5 to 4:1 [vol/vol].

The present invention relates to a chemical conversion process, preferably an isomerization process, for at least one hydrocarbon in the presence of an ionic liquid. The chemical conversion is performed in a dispersion, with dispersion of the hydrocarbon (phase (B)) in the ionic liquid (phase (A)) in the dispersion, the volume ratio of phase (A) to phase (B) being in the range from 2.5 to 4:1 [vol/vol].

Surface hydroxyl groups on porous and nonporous metal oxides, such as silica gel and alumina, were metalated with catalyst precursors, such as complexes of earth abundant metals (e.g., Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn and Mg). The metalated metal oxide catalysts provide a versatile family of recyclable and reusable single-site solid catalysts for catalyzing a variety of organic transformations. The catalysts can also be integrated into a flow reactor or a supercritical fluid reactor.