A composition contains an organic compound and an anthracene compound different from the organic compound, the anthracene compound having a hydrogen atom at at least one of positions 9 and 10, in which the concentration of the anthracene compound is 100 ppm or less. Additionally, a long-lived organic light-emitting device includes an organic compound layer containing a reduced concentration of the anthracene compound.

Disclosed are a light-emitting device and a method of manufacturing the same. The light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a quantum dot including a first ligand bonded to a surface thereof; and a charge transport layer including an inorganic nanoparticle including a second ligand bonded to a surface thereof, wherein an interface between the emission layer and the charge transport layer includes a cross-link in which the first ligand on the surface of the quantum dot and the second ligand on the surface of the inorganic nanoparticle are linked by a cross-linking agent.

Disclosed are a light-emitting device and a method of manufacturing the same. The light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a quantum dot including a first ligand bonded to a surface thereof; and a charge transport layer including an inorganic nanoparticle including a second ligand bonded to a surface thereof, wherein an interface between the emission layer and the charge transport layer includes a cross-link in which the first ligand on the surface of the quantum dot and the second ligand on the surface of the inorganic nanoparticle are linked by a cross-linking agent.

The subject invention provides synthetic compounds, and compound complexes having catalytic activities towards oxidation or oxygenation, and/or dehydrogenation of various substrates comprising C—H bonds. The catalysts of the subject invention comprise a dinuclear Cu(I)/Cu(II) center that can convert between a resting state and a reactive species. The subject invention also provides methods of using such catalysts for the oxidation of substrates comprising C—H bonds, e.g., hydrocarbons, to synthesize chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals and industrial feedstock.

The subject invention provides synthetic compounds, and compound complexes having catalytic activities towards oxidation or oxygenation, and/or dehydrogenation of various substrates comprising C—H bonds. The catalysts of the subject invention comprise a dinuclear Cu(I)/Cu(II) center that can convert between a resting state and a reactive species. The subject invention also provides methods of using such catalysts for the oxidation of substrates comprising C—H bonds, e.g., hydrocarbons, to synthesize chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals and industrial feedstock.

An organic electroluminescence device includes an anode, a cathode, a first emitting layer, and a second emitting layer provided between the first emitting layer and the cathode, in which the first emitting layer contains, as a first host material, a first compound represented by a formula (1) below and having a group represented by a formula (11) below, the second emitting layer contains a second compound represented by one of formulae (2-1D) to (2-4D) below as a second host material, and the first emitting layer is in direct contact with the second emitting layer.

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An organic electroluminescence device includes an anode, a cathode, a first emitting layer, and a second emitting layer provided between the first emitting layer and the cathode, in which the first emitting layer contains, as a first host material, a first compound represented by a formula (1) below and having a group represented by a formula (11) below, the second emitting layer contains a second compound represented by one of formulae (2-1D) to (2-4D) below as a second host material, and the first emitting layer is in direct contact with the second emitting layer.

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The present application provides a light-emitting device and an electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device. The light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer; and an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the electron transport layer includes a mixed layer including a first compound and a second compound, the first compound includes a C.sub.14-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, and a triplet energy of the first compound is about 2.0 electron volts or lower, the second compound includes a π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing C.sub.1-C.sub.60 cyclic group, and a triplet energy of the second compound is about 2.5 electron volts or greater, and the electron injection layer includes a metal halide and a lanthanum-based metal.

According to the present invention, options for materials for organic devices such as materials for organic EL elements are increased by addition of a cycloalkane, by condensation, to a polycyclic aromatic compound in which a plurality of aromatic rings are linked together by boron atoms, oxygen atoms, and the like. By using a novel cycloalkane-condensed polycyclic aromatic compound as a material for an organic EL element, for example, an organic EL element having excellent emission efficiency and element life is provided.

According to the present invention, options for materials for organic devices such as materials for organic EL elements are increased by addition of a cycloalkane, by condensation, to a polycyclic aromatic compound in which a plurality of aromatic rings are linked together by boron atoms, oxygen atoms, and the like. By using a novel cycloalkane-condensed polycyclic aromatic compound as a material for an organic EL element, for example, an organic EL element having excellent emission efficiency and element life is provided.