To provide a method for obtaining 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane by reacting 1,1-difluoroethylene with dichlorofluoromethane, which suppresses the production of chloroform as a by-product and achieves a product having a high R-243fa concentration. This method is characterized by obtaining 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane by reacting 1,1-difluoroethylene with dichlorofluoromethane in the presence of trifluoromethane.

To provide a method for obtaining 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane by reacting 1,1-difluoroethylene with dichlorofluoromethane, which suppresses the production of chloroform as a by-product and achieves a product having a high R-243fa concentration. This method is characterized by obtaining 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane by reacting 1,1-difluoroethylene with dichlorofluoromethane in the presence of trifluoromethane.

The present invention relates to processes and intermediates useful in the preparation of (R)-2-(7-(4-cyclopentyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyloxy)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indol-3-yl)acetic acid of Formula (Ia) and salts thereof, an S1P1 receptor modulator that is useful in the treatment of S1P1 receptor-associated disorders, for example, diseases and disorders mediated by lymphocytes, transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases and disorders, inflammatory diseases and disorders (e.g., acute and chronic inflammatory conditions), cancer, and conditions characterized by an underlying defect in vascular integrity or that are associated with angiogenesis such as may be pathologic (e.g., as may occur in inflammation, tumor development and atherosclerosis).

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To provide a method for obtaining 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane by reacting 1,1-difluoroethylene with dichlorofluoromethane, which suppresses the production of chloroform as a by-product and achieves a product having a high R-243fa concentration.

This method is characterized by obtaining 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane by reacting 1,1-difluoroethylene with dichlorofluoromethane in the presence of trifluoromethane.

To provide a method for obtaining 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane by reacting 1,1-difluoroethylene with dichlorofluoromethane, which suppresses the production of chloroform as a by-product and achieves a product having a high R-243fa concentration.

This method is characterized by obtaining 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane by reacting 1,1-difluoroethylene with dichlorofluoromethane in the presence of trifluoromethane.

To provide a method for obtaining 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane by reacting 1,1-difluoroethylene with dichlorofluoromethane, which suppresses the production of chloroform as a by-product and achieves a product having a high R-243fa concentration.

This method is characterized by obtaining 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropane by reacting 1,1-difluoroethylene with dichlorofluoromethane in the presence of trifluoromethane.

Processes for isolating 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane from a crude product stream containing the 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane and ferric chloride. The processes may include deep distillation of the crude, treatment of the crude with a reagent that deactivates the ferric chloride followed by distillation on the deactivated crude stream, aqueous washing of the crude product stream to remove ferric chloride followed by distillation on the deactivated crude stream. Other embodiments simultaneously prepare 1,1,2,3-tetrachloroprene and 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloroprane.

Processes for isolating 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane from a crude product stream containing the 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane and ferric chloride. The processes may include deep distillation of the crude, treatment of the crude with a reagent that deactivates the ferric chloride followed by distillation on the deactivated crude stream, aqueous washing of the crude product stream to remove ferric chloride followed by distillation on the deactivated crude stream. Other embodiments simultaneously prepare 1,1,2,3-tetrachloroprene and 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloroprane.

The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a-iodoperfluoroalkanes and ,-diiodoperfluoroalkanes of general formula: (1) A(C.sub.2F.sub.4).sub.n1, wherein: A is selected from F, CF.sub.3 and I and n is an integer equal to or higher than 1, with the proviso that, when A is F, n is an integer higher than 1 said process comprising heating a mixture [mixture (M1)] containing: a compound selected from I.sub.2, CF.sub.3I, CF.sub.3CF.sub.2I and C.sub.2F.sub.4I.sub.2; TFE; and CO.sub.2 at definite temperatures and concentrations of CO.sub.2.

The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a-iodoperfluoroalkanes and ,-diiodoperfluoroalkanes of general formula: (1) A(C.sub.2F.sub.4).sub.n1, wherein: A is selected from F, CF.sub.3 and I and n is an integer equal to or higher than 1, with the proviso that, when A is F, n is an integer higher than 1 said process comprising heating a mixture [mixture (M1)] containing: a compound selected from I.sub.2, CF.sub.3I, CF.sub.3CF.sub.2I and C.sub.2F.sub.4I.sub.2; TFE; and CO.sub.2 at definite temperatures and concentrations of CO.sub.2.