The present invention provides a composition comprising an HFO compound, the composition having excellent stability with decomposition and oxidation of the HFO compound being inhibited, the composition having improved refrigerating capacity when used as a heat transfer medium, compared with the case in which an HFO compound is used alone. More specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one HFO compound selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234yf, (E-/Z-)HFO-1234ze, and (E-/Z-)HFO-1225ye; and a chlorine-containing compound, wherein (1) the chlorine-containing compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2CHCl, CHFCHCl, CH.sub.2CFCl, CF.sub.3Cl, CH.sub.3Cl, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2Cl, CClFCHCl, and CHFCCl.sub.2, and (2) the chlorine-containing compound is contained in an amount ranging from 1 to 500000 mass ppm.

A method for separating a mixture of materials A and B by extractive distillation, using an extraction medium having a higher affinity to B than to A, collecting a liquid fraction on a collecting tray and heated and partially evaporated in a first indirect heat exchanger, collecting the resultant vapor is released into the column and a non-evaporated proportion of the liquid fraction in the sump of the column, and a series of heating, separation and cooling where partially cooled extraction medium fraction is used as heating medium for a heat exchanger.

A method for separating a mixture of materials A and B by extractive distillation, using an extraction medium having a higher affinity to B than to A, collecting a liquid fraction on a collecting tray and heated and partially evaporated in a first indirect heat exchanger, collecting the resultant vapor is released into the column and a non-evaporated proportion of the liquid fraction in the sump of the column, and a series of heating, separation and cooling where partially cooled extraction medium fraction is used as heating medium for a heat exchanger.

The invention relates to methods of producing deuterated haloform, and apparatus for such methods. In an aspect of the invention, there is provided a method to produce deuterated haloform, the method comprising: (a) providing a mixture comprising a compound of formula (I) ##STR00001##
heavy water, and a catalyst of formula (II), ##STR00002##
wherein each X in formula (I) is independently a halogen, and R.sup.1 is an aliphatic group, or an aryl group, wherein at least one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 is an anionic functional group, a polymer, or a linker attached to a polymer; (b) heating the mixture to displace the trihalocarbon anion; and (c) forming the deuterated haloform.

The invention relates to methods of producing deuterated haloform, and apparatus for such methods. In an aspect of the invention, there is provided a method to produce deuterated haloform, the method comprising: (a) providing a mixture comprising a compound of formula (I) ##STR00001##
heavy water, and a catalyst of formula (II), ##STR00002##
wherein each X in formula (I) is independently a halogen, and R.sup.1 is an aliphatic group, or an aryl group, wherein at least one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 is an anionic functional group, a polymer, or a linker attached to a polymer; (b) heating the mixture to displace the trihalocarbon anion; and (c) forming the deuterated haloform.

The invention relates to methods of producing deuterated haloform, and apparatus for such methods. In an aspect of the invention, there is provided a method to produce deuterated haloform, the method comprising: (a) providing a mixture comprising a compound of formula (I) ##STR00001##
heavy water, and a catalyst of formula (II), ##STR00002##
wherein each X in formula (I) is independently a halogen, and R.sup.1 is an aliphatic group, or an aryl group, wherein at least one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 is an anionic functional group, a polymer, or a linker attached to a polymer; (b) heating the mixture to displace the trihalocarbon anion; and (c) forming the deuterated haloform.

The present invention provides a composition comprising an HFO compound, the composition having excellent stability with decomposition and oxidation of the HFO compound being inhibited, the composition having improved refrigerating capacity when used as a heat transfer medium, compared with the case in which an HFO compound is used alone. More specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one HFO compound selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234yf, (E-/Z-)HFO-1234ze, and (E-/Z-)HFO-1225ye; and a chlorine-containing compound, wherein (1) the chlorine-containing compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2CHCl, CHFCHCl, CH.sub.2CFCl, CF.sub.3Cl, CH.sub.3Cl, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2Cl, CClFCHCl, and CHFCCl.sub.2, and (2) the chlorine-containing compound is contained in an amount ranging from 1 to 500000 mass ppm.

The present invention provides a composition comprising an HFO compound, the composition having excellent stability with decomposition and oxidation of the HFO compound being inhibited, the composition having improved refrigerating capacity when used as a heat transfer medium, compared with the case in which an HFO compound is used alone. More specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one HFO compound selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234yf, (E-/Z-)HFO-1234ze, and (E-/Z-)HFO-1225ye; and a chlorine-containing compound, wherein (1) the chlorine-containing compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2CHCl, CHFCHCl, CH.sub.2CFCl, CF.sub.3Cl, CH.sub.3Cl, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2Cl, CClFCHCl, and CHFCCl.sub.2, and (2) the chlorine-containing compound is contained in an amount ranging from 1 to 500000 mass ppm.

The present invention provides a composition comprising an HFO compound, the composition having excellent stability with decomposition and oxidation of the HFO compound being inhibited, the composition having improved refrigerating capacity when used as a heat transfer medium, compared with the case in which an HFO compound is used alone. More specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one HFO compound selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234yf, (E-/Z-)HFO-1234ze, and (E-/Z-)HFO-1225ye; and a chlorine-containing compound, wherein (1) the chlorine-containing compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2CHCl, CHFCHCl, CH.sub.2CFCl, CF.sub.3Cl, CH.sub.3Cl, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2Cl, CClFCHCl, and CHFCCl.sub.2, and (2) the chlorine-containing compound is contained in an amount ranging from 1 to 500000 mass ppm.

The present invention provides a composition comprising an HFO compound, the composition having excellent stability with decomposition and oxidation of the HFO compound being inhibited, the composition having improved refrigerating capacity when used as a heat transfer medium, compared with the case in which an HFO compound is used alone. More specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one HFO compound selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234yf, (E-/Z-)HFO-1234ze, and (E-/Z-)HFO-1225ye; and a chlorine-containing compound, wherein (1) the chlorine-containing compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2CHCl, CHFCHCl, CH.sub.2CFCl, CF.sub.3Cl, CH.sub.3Cl, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2Cl, CClFCHCl, and CHFCCl.sub.2, and (2) the chlorine-containing compound is contained in an amount ranging from 1 to 500000 mass ppm.