In an oxychlorination process of the type where ethylene is converted to 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of a supported copper catalyst, the improvement comprising: the use of a supported catalyst prepared by (i) impregnating, within a first step, an alumina support with a first aqueous solution including copper, to thereby form a first catalyst component; and (ii) impregnating, within a subsequent step, the first catalyst component with a second aqueous solution including copper and alkaline earth metal, to thereby form the supported catalyst.

In an oxychlorination process of the type where ethylene is converted to 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of a supported copper catalyst, the improvement comprising: the use of a supported catalyst prepared by (i) impregnating, within a first step, an alumina support with a first aqueous solution including copper, to thereby form a first catalyst component; and (ii) impregnating, within a subsequent step, the first catalyst component with a second aqueous solution including copper and alkaline earth metal, to thereby form the supported catalyst.

In an oxychlorination process of the type where ethylene is converted to 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of a supported copper catalyst, the improvement comprising: the use of a supported catalyst prepared by (i) impregnating, within a first step, an alumina support with a first aqueous solution including copper, to thereby form a first catalyst component; and (ii) impregnating, within a subsequent step, the first catalyst component with a second aqueous solution including copper and alkaline earth metal, to thereby form the supported catalyst.

The invention relates to a method for synthesizing 1.2-dichloroethane from ethylene and chlorine via low temperature direct chlorination of ethylene in the presence of a catalyst under conditions in which the synthesized 1.2-dichloroethane is condensed out, however, the ethylene and the chlorine are gaseous, in a reactor (3), wherein the stoichiometric ratio of ethylene to chlorine is adjusted in the reactor (3) such that there is an excess of ethylene. The invention further relates to a device for synthesizing 1.2-dichloroethane from ethylene and chlorine via low temperature direct chlorination of ethylene in the presence of a catalyst under conditions in which the synthesized 1.2-dichloroethane is condensed out, however, the ethylene and the chlorine are gaseous, in a reactor (3), wherein the stoichiometric ratio of ethylene to chlorine is adjustable in the reactor (3) such that there is an excess of ethylene.

The invention relates to a method for synthesizing 1.2-dichloroethane from ethylene and chlorine via low temperature direct chlorination of ethylene in the presence of a catalyst under conditions in which the synthesized 1.2-dichloroethane is condensed out, however, the ethylene and the chlorine are gaseous, in a reactor (3), wherein the stoichiometric ratio of ethylene to chlorine is adjusted in the reactor (3) such that there is an excess of ethylene. The invention further relates to a device for synthesizing 1.2-dichloroethane from ethylene and chlorine via low temperature direct chlorination of ethylene in the presence of a catalyst under conditions in which the synthesized 1.2-dichloroethane is condensed out, however, the ethylene and the chlorine are gaseous, in a reactor (3), wherein the stoichiometric ratio of ethylene to chlorine is adjustable in the reactor (3) such that there is an excess of ethylene.

The invention relates to biosourced vinylidene difluoride. The invention also relates to methods for preparation of biosourced vinylidene difluoride from various renewable raw materials. The invention also relates to homopolymers of vinylidene difluoride obtained from polymerization of said monomer, and also copolymers obtained by copolymerization of said monomer with one or several compatible comonomers. Finally, the invention relates to the use of said homopolymers or copolymers in applications, such as chemical engineering or electronics, in particular mass-market electronic devices.

The invention relates to biosourced vinylidene difluoride. The invention also relates to methods for preparation of biosourced vinylidene difluoride from various renewable raw materials. The invention also relates to homopolymers of vinylidene difluoride obtained from polymerization of said monomer, and also copolymers obtained by copolymerization of said monomer with one or several compatible comonomers. Finally, the invention relates to the use of said homopolymers or copolymers in applications, such as chemical engineering or electronics, in particular mass-market electronic devices.

The present invention provides a method of converting a brominated hydrocarbon to a chlorinated hydrocarbon that involves contacting together the brominated hydrocarbon and a chlorinated ion exchange resin that has a water content of less than or equal to 30 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the chlorinated ion exchange resin and the water. The brominated hydrocarbon includes at least one replaceable bromo group, where each replaceable bromo group is independently covalently bonded to an sp.sup.3 hybridized carbon. Contact between the brominated hydrocarbon and the chlorinated ion exchange resin results in replacement of at least one replaceable bromo group of the brominated hydrocarbon with a chloro group, and correspondingly conversion of at least a portion of the brominated hydrocarbon to the chlorinated hydrocarbon.

The present invention provides a method of converting a brominated hydrocarbon to a chlorinated hydrocarbon that involves contacting together the brominated hydrocarbon and a chlorinated ion exchange resin that has a water content of less than or equal to 30 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the chlorinated ion exchange resin and the water. The brominated hydrocarbon includes at least one replaceable bromo group, where each replaceable bromo group is independently covalently bonded to an sp.sup.3 hybridized carbon. Contact between the brominated hydrocarbon and the chlorinated ion exchange resin results in replacement of at least one replaceable bromo group of the brominated hydrocarbon with a chloro group, and correspondingly conversion of at least a portion of the brominated hydrocarbon to the chlorinated hydrocarbon.

The present invention provides a method of converting a brominated hydrocarbon to a chlorinated hydrocarbon that involves contacting together the brominated hydrocarbon and a chlorinated ion exchange resin that has a water content of less than or equal to 30 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the chlorinated ion exchange resin and the water. The brominated hydrocarbon includes at least one replaceable bromo group, where each replaceable bromo group is independently covalently bonded to an sp.sup.3 hybridized carbon. Contact between the brominated hydrocarbon and the chlorinated ion exchange resin results in replacement of at least one replaceable bromo group of the brominated hydrocarbon with a chloro group, and correspondingly conversion of at least a portion of the brominated hydrocarbon to the chlorinated hydrocarbon.