Supported, bimetallic catalyst systems are provided. The supported, bimetallic catalyst system can include a support defining a surface; a core metal positioned on the surface of the support; and a shell metal positioned on the core metal to form a core-shell particle on the surface of the support. The core metal has a surface free energy that is higher than a surface free energy of the shell metal. Methods are also provided for the formation of such supported, bimetallic catalyst systems, as well as the use of such supported, bimetallic catalyst systems in chemical processes.

A process for the production of vinyl chloride comprises the step of passing a feed stream comprising ethylene dichloride (EDC) over a catalyst system comprising a dehydrochlorination catalyst and a hydrochlorination catalyst at a temperature, which may be in the range 150-350 C., sufficient to effect dehydrochlorination of the ethylene dichloride to produce vinyl chloride.

A process for the production of vinyl chloride comprises the step of passing a feed stream comprising ethylene dichloride (EDC) over a catalyst system comprising a dehydrochlorination catalyst and a hydrochlorination catalyst at a temperature, which may be in the range 150-350 C., sufficient to effect dehydrochlorination of the ethylene dichloride to produce vinyl chloride.

The specification describes a process for the production of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) from acetylene and HCl. The process involves a primary reactor and a secondary reactor each comprising a hydrochlorination catalyst. The feed from the primary reactor is sent to a knockout drum. The feed from the secondary reactor is split, part is combined with the feed from the primary reactor while the other part is sent to a vent recovery unit. The vent recovery unit includes one or more stages in which liquid containing VCM is separated and sent directly to the KO drum. A cold vapor is generated from the KO drum which is sent to a compressor, followed by a lights separation unit and a lights column.

The specification describes a process for the production of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) from acetylene and HCl. The process involves a primary reactor and a secondary reactor each comprising a hydrochlorination catalyst. The feed from the primary reactor is sent to a knockout drum. The feed from the secondary reactor is split, part is combined with the feed from the primary reactor while the other part is sent to a vent recovery unit. The vent recovery unit includes one or more stages in which liquid containing VCM is separated and sent directly to the KO drum. A cold vapor is generated from the KO drum which is sent to a compressor, followed by a lights separation unit and a lights column.

The present invention provides a composition comprising an HFO compound, the composition having excellent stability with decomposition and oxidation of the HFO compound being inhibited, the composition having improved refrigerating capacity when used as a heat transfer medium, compared with the case in which an HFO compound is used alone. More specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one HFO compound selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234yf, (E-/Z-)HFO-1234ze, and (E-/Z-)HFO-1225ye; and a chlorine-containing compound, wherein (1) the chlorine-containing compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2=CHCl, CHF=CHCl, CH.sub.2=CFCl, CF.sub.3Cl, CH.sub.3Cl, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2Cl, CClF=CHCl, and CHF=CCl.sub.2, and (2) the chlorine-containing compound is contained in an amount ranging from 1 to 500000 mass ppm.

The present invention relates to a method for chlorination and dehydrogenation of ethane, comprising: mixing and reacting a low-melting-point metal chloride with C.sub.2H.sub.6, such that the low-melting-point metal chloride is reduced to a liquid-state low-melting-point metal, and the C.sub.2H.sub.6 is chlorinated and dehydrogenized to give a mixed gas containing HCl, C.sub.2H.sub.6, C.sub.2H.sub.4, C.sub.2H.sub.2 and C.sub.2H.sub.3Cl. In the method, the low-melting-point metal chloride is used as a raw material for chlorination and dehydrogenation, and the low-melting-point metal produced after the reaction is used as an intermediate medium. The method has the characteristics of simple process, low cost and high yield. Moreover, some acetylene and vinyl chloride can be produced as by-products at the same time when the ethylene is produced, by controlling the ratio of ethane to the chloride as desired in production.

The present invention relates to a method for chlorination and dehydrogenation of ethane, comprising: mixing and reacting a low-melting-point metal chloride with C.sub.2H.sub.6, such that the low-melting-point metal chloride is reduced to a liquid-state low-melting-point metal, and the C.sub.2H.sub.6 is chlorinated and dehydrogenized to give a mixed gas containing HCl, C.sub.2H.sub.6, C.sub.2H.sub.4, C.sub.2H.sub.2 and C.sub.2H.sub.3Cl. In the method, the low-melting-point metal chloride is used as a raw material for chlorination and dehydrogenation, and the low-melting-point metal produced after the reaction is used as an intermediate medium. The method has the characteristics of simple process, low cost and high yield. Moreover, some acetylene and vinyl chloride can be produced as by-products at the same time when the ethylene is produced, by controlling the ratio of ethane to the chloride as desired in production.

Integrations of carbon monoxide electrolyzers and chlor-alkali electrolyzers are disclosed herein. The disclosed integrations include novel process chains for the valorization of oxocarbons into hydrochloric acid, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, ethylene oxide, and other useful chemicals. The disclosed integrations further include novel ways to operate the electrolyzers in tandem to increase the efficiency of both reactors. This disclosure also includes novel ways to balance the operation of both electrolyzers to assure they are operating at an optimal level to take advantage of the benefits of the disclosed integrations.

The specification describes a method for the production of a hydrochlorination catalyst, comprising the steps of: i) preparing an impregnation solution by combining a source of gold and a ligand in a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises an organic solvent; ii) impregnating a support with the impregnation solution from step (i); and iii) drying the product of step (ii) to obtain the catalyst. Also described are hydrochlorination catalysts comprising a complex of gold and a ligand of Formula (I) supported on a support. These catalysts are particularly suitable for the conversion of acetylene to vinyl chloride monomer.