A method for preparing dehydro-cyclofarnesal from dehydro-farnesal by cyclization in the presence of an acid may include the dehydro-farnesal being obtained from the farnesal by dehydrogenation and may further includes the cyclization being carried out in the presence of an acid selected from Lewis acids, Bronstedt acids, and zeolites. The synthesis of vitamin A using this method further includes the conversion of dehydro-cyclofarnesal into vitamin A.

A process for large scale and energy efficient production of oxygenates from sugar is disclosed in which a sugar feedstock is introduced into a thermolytic fragmentation reactor comprising a fluidized stream of heat carrying particles which are separated from the reaction product and directed to a reheater comprising a resistance heating system.

A process for large scale and energy efficient production of oxygenates from sugar is disclosed in which a sugar feedstock is introduced into a thermolytic fragmentation reactor comprising a fluidized stream of heat carrying particles which are separated from the reaction product and directed to a reheater comprising a resistance heating system.

The present invention relates to odorous 2- and/or 3-substituted 3-(allyloxy)propenes which are useful as fragrance or flavor ingredients in particular in providing green, fruity, pear and/or waxy olfactory notes. The present invention also relates to novel perfume, aroma or deodorizing/masking compositions comprising said odorants.

The present invention relates to odorous 2- and/or 3-substituted 3-(allyloxy)propenes which are useful as fragrance or flavor ingredients in particular in providing green, fruity, pear and/or waxy olfactory notes. The present invention also relates to novel perfume, aroma or deodorizing/masking compositions comprising said odorants.

The present invention relates to odorous 2- and/or 3-substituted 3-(allyloxy)propenes which are useful as fragrance or flavor ingredients in particular in providing green, fruity, pear and/or waxy olfactory notes. The present invention also relates to novel perfume, aroma or deodorizing/masking compositions comprising said odorants.

The present application provides systems and methods for producing isononanol and gasoline and diesel blending components. In at least one embodiment of the present systems and methods, a hydrocarbon feed is cracked in a steam cracker to form a first ethylene stream, a first propylene stream, and a C4 stream comprising isobutene and butadiene. The C4 stream is reacted with a methanol stream in a methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) unit to form MTBE and a butadiene-rich C4 stream. The butadiene-rich C4 stream is selectively hydrogenated in a butadiene unit to form a butene-rich C4 stream. The butene-rich C4 stream undergoes a series of reactions in an isononanol unit to produce isononanol and an olefin-rich stream. The olefin-rich stream is then separate, in a separation unit, a C8, C12, and C16 fuel oil streams.

A metal-free catalytic oxidation system, an oxygenation method and a method for producing benzoic acid derivatives. The system includes a feed device; a tubular reactor; a plurality of venturi nozzles mounted on the tubular reactor at intervals; a tubular filter; a discharge device for a solid phase product; and an intermediate tank for reaction mixture. A low-pressure zone is formed at an output end of each of the plurality of venturi nozzles, and an oxygen inlet corresponds to the low-pressure zone; the tubular filter comprises an inner tube and an outer tube connected to each other, where the inner tube is provided with small holes for solid-liquid separation; the discharge device for the solid phase product is located at an end of the inner tube; and the intermediate tank for reaction mixture is connected to the outer tube of the tubular filter through a pipeline.

A method for manufacturing isopulegol includes the step of diastereoselective ring-closing a citronellal using an aluminum compound of formula (1) below. In formula (1), X represents a halogen atom, Y represents a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom, and R.sub.1 represents a phenyl group or a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 12 carbons.

##STR00001##

A method for manufacturing isopulegol includes the step of diastereoselective ring-closing a citronellal using an aluminum compound of formula (1) below. In formula (1), X represents a halogen atom, Y represents a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom, and R.sub.1 represents a phenyl group or a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 12 carbons.

##STR00001##