A chiral catalyst represented by formula (II) is provided. In formula (II), Y independently includes hydrogen, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, wherein m=1-10 and n=1-10. A heterogeneous chiral catalyst is also provided. The heterogeneous chiral catalyst includes the chiral catalyst represented by formula (II), and a substrate connected to the chiral catalyst.

##STR00001##

A chiral catalyst represented by formula (I) is provided. In formula (I), Z═Z.sub.1 or Z.sub.2, and the combination of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 in formula (I) includes

##STR00001##

Y independently includes hydrogen, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, m=1-10, and n=1-10. A heterogeneous chiral catalyst including the chiral catalyst is also provided.

##STR00002##

A chiral catalyst represented by formula (I) is provided. In formula (I), Z═Z.sub.1 or Z.sub.2, and the combination of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 in formula (I) includes

##STR00001##

Y independently includes hydrogen, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, m=1-10, and n=1-10. A heterogeneous chiral catalyst including the chiral catalyst is also provided.

##STR00002##

A chiral catalyst represented by formula (I) is provided. In formula (I), Z═Z.sub.1 or Z.sub.2, and the combination of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 in formula (I) includes

##STR00001##

Y independently includes hydrogen, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, m=1-10, and n=1-10. A heterogeneous chiral catalyst including the chiral catalyst is also provided.

##STR00002##

The disclosure relates to dicarbonyl complexes of ruthenium and osmium with bi- and tridentate nitrogen and phosphine ligands. The disclosure relates to methods for preparing these complexes and the use of these complexes, isolated or prepared in situ, as catalysts for reduction reactions of ketones and aldehydes both via transfer hydrogenation or hydrogenation with hydrogen.

The disclosure relates to dicarbonyl complexes of ruthenium and osmium with bi- and tridentate nitrogen and phosphine ligands. The disclosure relates to methods for preparing these complexes and the use of these complexes, isolated or prepared in situ, as catalysts for reduction reactions of ketones and aldehydes both via transfer hydrogenation or hydrogenation with hydrogen.

This disclosure generally relates to methods of making ibuprofen, naproxen, and derivatives thereof. This disclosure also generally relates to compounds made by the disclosed methods. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

This disclosure generally relates to methods of making ibuprofen, naproxen, and derivatives thereof. This disclosure also generally relates to compounds made by the disclosed methods. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

The present invention relates to a selective reduction of specific aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols.

The present invention is directed to a method of producing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The method includes subjecting a reaction mixture with an API precursor to solvent extraction to produce a reactant stream with the API precursor. The method includes concentrating the API precursor in the reactant stream using at least one membrane. The method includes carrying out a reaction in a membrane reactor. The method includes separating the API precursor from the reaction stream using a separator. The method includes crystallizing the API precursor using a crystallizer to produce APIs.