Fuel production system includes: synthesis gas generation unit configured to generate synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from carbon-containing raw material; fuel production unit configured to produce fuel from synthesis gas generated; water electrolyzer configured to electrolyze water to generate water-electrolyzed hydrogen; hydrogen supply unit configured to supply water-electrolyzed hydrogen generated to synthesis gas generation unit; and controller. The controller is configured to perform: calculating input energy based on first energy possessed by raw material, second energy consumed by water electrolyzer, third energy consumed by synthesis gas generation unit, and fourth energy consumed by fuel production unit; calculating recovered energy based on fifth energy possessed by fuel produced; and determining supply amount of water-electrolyzed hydrogen to be supplied based on input energy and recovered energy calculated.

Fuel production system includes: synthesis gas generation unit configured to generate synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from carbon-containing raw material; fuel production unit configured to produce fuel from synthesis gas generated; water electrolyzer configured to electrolyze water to generate water-electrolyzed hydrogen; hydrogen supply unit configured to supply water-electrolyzed hydrogen generated to synthesis gas generation unit; and controller. The controller is configured to perform: calculating input energy based on first energy possessed by raw material, second energy consumed by water electrolyzer, third energy consumed by synthesis gas generation unit, and fourth energy consumed by fuel production unit; calculating recovered energy based on fifth energy possessed by fuel produced; and determining supply amount of water-electrolyzed hydrogen to be supplied based on input energy and recovered energy calculated.

Fuel production system includes: synthesis gas generation unit configured to generate synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from carbon-containing raw material; fuel production unit configured to produce fuel from synthesis gas generated; water electrolyzer configured to electrolyze water to generate water-electrolyzed hydrogen; hydrogen supply unit configured to supply water-electrolyzed hydrogen generated to synthesis gas generation unit; and controller. The controller is configured to perform: calculating input energy based on first energy possessed by raw material, second energy consumed by water electrolyzer, third energy consumed by synthesis gas generation unit, and fourth energy consumed by fuel production unit; calculating recovered energy based on fifth energy possessed by fuel produced; and determining supply amount of water-electrolyzed hydrogen to be supplied based on input energy and recovered energy calculated.

The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of chemical compounds without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, the reactants necessary for the desired products are fed to compression reactors. In addition, the reaction conditions are controlled by means of an electronic control device. For this purpose, among other things, the compression reactors are combined with an electric motor, thereby influencing the residence time in the reactors. In addition, it is planned to raise the reactant pressures with the help of a compressor. In addition, the operating conditions are recorded with suitable sensors and/or analysers.

The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of chemical compounds without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, the reactants necessary for the desired products are fed to compression reactors. In addition, the reaction conditions are controlled by means of an electronic control device. For this purpose, among other things, the compression reactors are combined with an electric motor, thereby influencing the residence time in the reactors. In addition, it is planned to raise the reactant pressures with the help of a compressor. In addition, the operating conditions are recorded with suitable sensors and/or analysers.

A process for producing methanol, wherein a make-up gas stream from a reformer unit is admixed with a hydrogen-containing stream from a hydrogen recovery stage to obtain a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, which is combined with a residual gas stream and the combined stream is passed through a bed of a methanol synthesis catalyst at elevated pressure and elevated temperature to obtain a product stream comprising methanol and the residual gas stream and wherein the product stream is cooled to remove methanol from the residual gas stream. Wherein a portion of the residual gas stream is removed as a purge gas stream and a portion of the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas stream is removed and combined with the purge gas stream to obtain a mixed synthesis gas stream and the mixed synthesis gas stream is sent to the hydrogen recovery stage to produce the hydrogen-containing stream.

A process for producing methanol, wherein a make-up gas stream from a reformer unit is admixed with a hydrogen-containing stream from a hydrogen recovery stage to obtain a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, which is combined with a residual gas stream and the combined stream is passed through a bed of a methanol synthesis catalyst at elevated pressure and elevated temperature to obtain a product stream comprising methanol and the residual gas stream and wherein the product stream is cooled to remove methanol from the residual gas stream. Wherein a portion of the residual gas stream is removed as a purge gas stream and a portion of the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas stream is removed and combined with the purge gas stream to obtain a mixed synthesis gas stream and the mixed synthesis gas stream is sent to the hydrogen recovery stage to produce the hydrogen-containing stream.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of ethylene glycol, comprising: a) converting a stream comprising ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst and carbon dioxide in two or more reactors to a stream comprising ethylene carbonate; and b) converting ethylene carbonate from the stream comprising ethylene carbonate obtained in step a) in the presence of a catalyst in one or more reactors to a stream comprising ethylene glycol and a stream comprising carbon dioxide, wherein the inlet stream or inlet streams to the last reactor of the two or more reactors used in step a) is or are not heated; and wherein an outlet stream comprising ethylene carbonate from the last reactor of the two or more reactors used in step a) is sent, without recycling a portion thereof to the last reactor used in step a), to the first reactor of the one or more reactors wherein step b) is carried out.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of ethylene glycol, comprising: a) converting a stream comprising ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst and carbon dioxide in two or more reactors to a stream comprising ethylene carbonate; and b) converting ethylene carbonate from the stream comprising ethylene carbonate obtained in step a) in the presence of a catalyst in one or more reactors to a stream comprising ethylene glycol and a stream comprising carbon dioxide, wherein the inlet stream or inlet streams to the last reactor of the two or more reactors used in step a) is or are not heated; and wherein an outlet stream comprising ethylene carbonate from the last reactor of the two or more reactors used in step a) is sent, without recycling a portion thereof to the last reactor used in step a), to the first reactor of the one or more reactors wherein step b) is carried out.

Process and reaction system for the preparation of methanol. The process comprises the steps of (a) providing a fresh methanol synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (b)) introducing and reacting the fresh methanol synthesis gas stream in a first methanol reaction unit in presence of a methanol catalyst and obtaining a first effluent stream containing methanol and unconverted synthesis gas; (c) providing a recycle gas stream containing the unconverted methanol synthesis gas contained in the first effluent stream and unconverted methanol synthesis gas from a second methanol reaction unit; (d) introducing and reacting the recycle gas stream in the second methanol reaction unit in presence of a methanol catalyst; (e) withdrawing a second effluent stream containing methanol and the unconverted methanol synthesis gas from the second methanol reaction unit; (f)) combining the first and a part of the second effluent stream; (g) cooling and separating the combined effluent into a methanol-containing liquid stream and the recycle stream; and (h) withdrawing the remaining part of the second effluent stream a purge gas stream,wherein the remaining part of he second effluent stream is withdrawn as a purge gas stream prior to combining the first and second effluent stream.