This invention provides polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant. Also provided are formulations and methods for preparing polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant.

To provide a novel fluorine-containing compound that does not include any long chain perfluoroalkyl unit having 8 or more carbon atoms, which is problematic in terms of the environment, and that is excellent in water repellency/oil repellency, and a surface modifier using the compound. [Solution] There are used a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following general formula (1), the following general formula (2) or the following general formula (5): Rf.sup.1(CR.sup.1CR.sup.2XRf.sup.2).sub.nYZ (1), Rf.sup.1(XCR.sup.1CR.sup.2Rf.sup.2).sub.nYZ (2) or Rf.sup.3(CFCR.sup.3CR.sup.4CFRf.sup.4).sub.nYZ (5); and a surface modifier using the compound.

The present invention provides macrocyclic compounds, synthesis of the same and intermediates thereto. Such compounds, and compositions thereof, are useful for treating or preventing proliferative disorders Formula (F-4). ##STR00001##

Provided is a flux activator containing a halogen compound represented by formula 1 below:

##STR00001##

where X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 represent different halogen atoms, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each a group represented by any one of formulas OH, OR.sup.3, OC(O)R.sup.4, and OC(O)NHR.sup.5, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 optionally represent the same group or different groups, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are each an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 optionally represent the same group or different groups.

This invention provides polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant. Also provided are formulations and methods for preparing polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant.

This invention provides polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant. Also provided are formulations and methods for preparing polyurethane foams containing a brominated flame retardant.

The invention relates to compounds of Formula I or Formula II: to compositions comprising such compounds, and to methods of use thereof for treating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Friedreich ataxia.

The invention relates to compounds of Formula I or Formula II:

##STR00001## to compositions comprising such compounds, and to methods of use thereof for treating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Friedreich ataxia.