In one embodiment, a light emitting device includes a lighting element located in a housing, wherein the housing is formed from a plastic composition including, for example, a polycarbonate formed from reacting, in the presence of a transesterification catalyst, a diaryl carbonate ester and a bisphenol A, wherein the bisphenol A has a sulfur concentration of 1 ppm to 15 ppm, based upon a weight of the bisphenol A; and a conversion material wherein the conversion material includes an inorganic material that converts radiation of a certain wavelength and re-emits of a different wavelength; wherein after the conversion material has been exposed to an excitation source, the conversion material has a luminescence lifetime of less than 10.sup.−4 seconds when the excitation source is removed.

The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for decomposing a phenolic by-product generated in a bisphenol A preparation process, the method including: a step (S10) of feeding the phenolic by-product to a multistage reactive distillation column; a step (S20) of separating the phenolic by-product into an upper discharge stream containing an active component, a side discharge stream containing acetophenone, and a bottom discharge stream containing tar by the multistage reactive distillation column; and a step (S30) of mixing the side discharge stream discharged from the multistage reactive distillation column and the bottom discharge stream discharged from the multistage reactive distillation column to form a mixed discharge stream.

A phenol derivative of the present invention has a structure as represented by the formula (I):

##STR00001##

The functional groups are defined in the description. The phenol derivative can be used as the antioxidant in lubricating oil, lubricating grease, plastic, rubber, or can be used as the base oil of the lubricating oil and the lubricating grease and the antiwear additive of the lubricating oil and the lubricating grease.

A phenol derivative of the present invention has a structure as represented by the formula (I):

##STR00001##

The functional groups are defined in the description. The phenol derivative can be used as the antioxidant in lubricating oil, lubricating grease, plastic, rubber, or can be used as the base oil of the lubricating oil and the lubricating grease and the antiwear additive of the lubricating oil and the lubricating grease.

The invention is directed to a catalyst, to a method for manufacturing a catalyst, to a method for manufacturing a bisphenol compound, and to the use of a catalyst. The catalyst of the invention comprises particles having a core and a shell, wherein the shell comprises an ion exchange resin covering the core at least in part and wherein the core has a density that is higher than the density of the ion exchange resin.

The invention is directed to a catalyst, to a method for manufacturing a catalyst, to a method for manufacturing a bisphenol compound, and to the use of a catalyst. The catalyst of the invention comprises particles having a core and a shell, wherein the shell comprises an ion exchange resin covering the core at least in part and wherein the core has a density that is higher than the density of the ion exchange resin.

A bisphenol composition including 95% or more by mass of a bisphenol, wherein a bisphenol represented by the following general formula (II) in the bisphenol composition constitutes 150 mass ppm or more, and the bisphenol composition has a methanol dissolution color (Hazen color number) of 2 or less,

##STR00001##

In formula (II), X denotes a single bond, —CR.sup.11R.sup.12—, —O—, —CO—, —S—, —SO—, or —SO.sub.2—, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 independently denote a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 may be bonded to each other to form a ring. A method for producing a polycarbonate resin using the bisphenol composition is also described.

A bisphenol composition including 95% or more by mass of a bisphenol, wherein a bisphenol represented by the following general formula (II) in the bisphenol composition constitutes 150 mass ppm or more, and the bisphenol composition has a methanol dissolution color (Hazen color number) of 2 or less,

##STR00001##

In formula (II), X denotes a single bond, —CR.sup.11R.sup.12—, —O—, —CO—, —S—, —SO—, or —SO.sub.2—, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 independently denote a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 may be bonded to each other to form a ring. A method for producing a polycarbonate resin using the bisphenol composition is also described.

A bisphenol composition including 95% or more by mass of a bisphenol, wherein a bisphenol represented by the following general formula (II) in the bisphenol composition constitutes 150 mass ppm or more, and the bisphenol composition has a methanol dissolution color (Hazen color number) of 2 or less,

##STR00001##

In formula (II), X denotes a single bond, —CR.sup.11R.sup.12—, —O—, —CO—, —S—, —SO—, or —SO.sub.2—, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 independently denote a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 may be bonded to each other to form a ring. A method for producing a polycarbonate resin using the bisphenol composition is also described.

The invention relates to a method for producing a specific hydroxyl compound by decarboxylating a specific carboxylic acid compound or a salt of said carboxylic acid compound in the absence of a catalyst and to a method for producing a bisphenol.