A biocatalytic method is provided for preparing p-vinyl phenols by a three-step, one-pot reaction according to the following reaction scheme:

##STR00001##

wherein the three steps include: (a) optionally substituted phenol (1) is bound to pyruvic acid (BTS) to form optionally substituted tyrosine (2) by the catalytic action of a tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL) and in the presence of ammonium ions, (b) ammonia is eliminated from tyrosine (2) by the catalytic action of a tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) or a phenyl ammonia-lyase (PAL) to produce optionally substituted p-coumaric acid (3), and (c) p-coumaric acid (3) is subjected to a decarboxylation reaction by the catalytic action of a phenolic acid decarboxylase (PAD), to produce the desired, optionally substituted p-vinyl phenol (4); and (d) wherein the generated CO.sub.2 is removed from the reaction system to shift the chemical equilibrium of all three reaction steps (a), (b) and (c) towards the product side.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of preparing a primary or secondary amine and hydroxylated aromatic compounds. In some embodiments, the aromatic compound may be unsubstituted, substituted, or contain one or more heteroatoms within the rings of the aromatic compound. The methods described herein may be carried out without the need for transition metal catalysts or harsh reaction conditions.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of preparing a primary or secondary amine and hydroxylated aromatic compounds. In some embodiments, the aromatic compound may be unsubstituted, substituted, or contain one or more heteroatoms within the rings of the aromatic compound. The methods described herein may be carried out without the need for transition metal catalysts or harsh reaction conditions.

Triphenylethylene compounds of formula (II) ##STR00001##
as dual aromatase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptors modulators are described. Also described are methods for treating patients of breast cancers, and patients of breast cancer comorbid with osteoporosis, using the described triphenylethylence compounds or pharmaceutical formulations thereof.

Triphenylethylene compounds of formula (II) ##STR00001##
as dual aromatase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptors modulators are described. Also described are methods for treating patients of breast cancers, and patients of breast cancer comorbid with osteoporosis, using the described triphenylethylence compounds or pharmaceutical formulations thereof.

Triphenylethylene compounds as dual aromatase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptors modulators are described. Also described are methods for treating patients of breast cancers, and patients of breast cancer comorbid with osteoporosis, using the described triphenylethylence compounds or pharmaceutical formulations thereof.

Triphenylethylene compounds as dual aromatase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptors modulators are described. Also described are methods for treating patients of breast cancers, and patients of breast cancer comorbid with osteoporosis, using the described triphenylethylence compounds or pharmaceutical formulations thereof.

Dimethoxyphenol-based monomers containing polymerizable functional groups such as [meth]acrylate groups are useful for the preparation of polymers, wherein one or more dimethoxyphenyl moieties are part of side chains pendant to the backbones of the polymers. The polymers thereby obtained may have different, improved properties, such as higher glass transition temperatures, thermal stability and solvent resistance, as compared to polymers based on other types of lignin-derived monomers.

Compounds and methods related to the prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions, some of which are facilitated by melanogenesis are disclosed. Specifically, the present subject matter includes a series of compounds and compositions and their use for anti-melanogenic and antioxidant activity. This subject matter also includes the treatment of skin disorder due to acne vulgaris and related inflammatory and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Methods for synthesizing contemplated compounds are also disclosed.

Compounds and methods related to the prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions, some of which are facilitated by melanogenesis are disclosed. Specifically, the present subject matter includes a series of compounds and compositions and their use for anti-melanogenic and antioxidant activity. This subject matter also includes the treatment of skin disorder due to acne vulgaris and related inflammatory and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Methods for synthesizing contemplated compounds are also disclosed.