The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof as surface-active substances, and to compositions comprising these compounds.

The present invention is a method for producing a cyclopentyl alkyl ether compound comprising reacting substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentene with an alcohol compound represented by a formula (2): R.sup.1OH in the presence of an acidic zeolite, the cyclopentyl alkyl ether compound being represented by a formula (1): R.sup.1—O—R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl group. The present invention provides a method that can produce a cyclopentyl alkyl ether with high reaction efficiency through a liquid-phase reaction even when the raw material feed rate (amount) is increased.

The present invention is a method for producing a cyclopentyl alkyl ether compound comprising reacting substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentene with an alcohol compound represented by a formula (2): R.sup.1OH in the presence of an acidic zeolite, the cyclopentyl alkyl ether compound being represented by a formula (1): R.sup.1—O—R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl group. The present invention provides a method that can produce a cyclopentyl alkyl ether with high reaction efficiency through a liquid-phase reaction even when the raw material feed rate (amount) is increased.

The present invention is a method for producing a cyclopentyl alkyl ether compound comprising reacting substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentene with an alcohol compound represented by a formula (2): R.sup.1OH in the presence of an acidic zeolite, the cyclopentyl alkyl ether compound being represented by a formula (1): R.sup.1—O—R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl group. The present invention provides a method that can produce a cyclopentyl alkyl ether with high reaction efficiency through a liquid-phase reaction even when the raw material feed rate (amount) is increased.

According to a least one feature of the present disclosure, a method includes the steps: (a) providing a metallosilicate catalyst that has been used to catalyze a chemical reaction; and (b) heating the metallosilicate catalyst to a temperature from 200° C. to 425° C. for a period of 0.5 hours to 5 hours.

According to a least one feature of the present disclosure, a method includes the steps: (a) providing a metallosilicate catalyst that has been used to catalyze a chemical reaction; and (b) heating the metallosilicate catalyst to a temperature from 200° C. to 425° C. for a period of 0.5 hours to 5 hours.

A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a butadiene extraction unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a methyl tertiary butyl ether unit producing a second process stream and a methyl tertiary butyl ether product; passing the second process stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive and a recycle stream; passing the recycle stream through a hydrogenation unit; and recycling the recycle stream to a steam cracker unit and/or to the feed stream

A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a butadiene extraction unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a methyl tertiary butyl ether unit producing a second process stream and a methyl tertiary butyl ether product; passing the second process stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive and a recycle stream; passing the recycle stream through a hydrogenation unit; and recycling the recycle stream to a steam cracker unit and/or to the feed stream

A method for preparing hydrocarbons is proposed, which comprises, in a catalysis unit (1) using one or more catalysis feed streams (a) containing oxygenates and/or olefins, producing a catalysis product stream (b) containing n-butane, isobutane, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene and hydrocarbons with more than four and/or less than four carbon atoms, and which further comprises producing a steam cracking product stream (s) in a steam cracking unit (2) using one or more steam cracking feed streams (g, n, l, r). It is provided that at least the great majority of the hydrocarbons with more than four and/or less than four carbon atoms and the isobutene is eliminated from the catalysis product stream (b) or a part thereof, whereby a stream (g, n) containing at least 5 percent by mole 1-butene and/or 2-butene is formed, and in that this stream (g, n) containing at least 5 percent by mole 1-butene and/or 2-butene or one or more streams (l, r) derived therefrom is or are used as the steam cracking feed stream or streams (g, n, l, r). The invention also relates to a corresponding apparatus (100, 200, 300).

A method for preparing hydrocarbons is proposed, which comprises, in a catalysis unit (1) using one or more catalysis feed streams (a) containing oxygenates and/or olefins, producing a catalysis product stream (b) containing n-butane, isobutane, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene and hydrocarbons with more than four and/or less than four carbon atoms, and which further comprises producing a steam cracking product stream (s) in a steam cracking unit (2) using one or more steam cracking feed streams (g, n, l, r). It is provided that at least the great majority of the hydrocarbons with more than four and/or less than four carbon atoms and the isobutene is eliminated from the catalysis product stream (b) or a part thereof, whereby a stream (g, n) containing at least 5 percent by mole 1-butene and/or 2-butene is formed, and in that this stream (g, n) containing at least 5 percent by mole 1-butene and/or 2-butene or one or more streams (l, r) derived therefrom is or are used as the steam cracking feed stream or streams (g, n, l, r). The invention also relates to a corresponding apparatus (100, 200, 300).