The invention generally relates to methods of making substituted arenes via direct C—H amination. More specifically, methods of making para- and ortho-substituted arenes via direct C—H amination are disclosed. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

The invention generally relates to methods of making substituted arenes via direct C—H amination. More specifically, methods of making para- and ortho-substituted arenes via direct C—H amination are disclosed. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

The invention generally relates to methods of making substituted arenes via direct C—H amination. More specifically, methods of making para- and ortho-substituted arenes via direct C—H amination are disclosed. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

The present invention relates to a nebivolol synthesis method and intermediate compound thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for synthesizing nebivolol, intermediate compound thereof, and a method for preparing the intermediate compound.

The present invention relates to a nebivolol synthesis method and intermediate compound thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for synthesizing nebivolol, intermediate compound thereof, and a method for preparing the intermediate compound.

A method for producing at least one olefin compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (51), a compound of formula (52), a compound of formula (53), and a compound of formula (54), the method including reacting an olefin compound of formula (21) with a olefin compound of formula (31) in the presence of at least one metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (11), a compound of formula (12), a compound of formula (13), a compound of formula (14), and a compound of formula (15).

##STR00001##

A method for producing at least one olefin compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (51), a compound of formula (52), a compound of formula (53), and a compound of formula (54), the method including reacting an olefin compound of formula (21) with a olefin compound of formula (31) in the presence of at least one metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (11), a compound of formula (12), a compound of formula (13), a compound of formula (14), and a compound of formula (15).

##STR00001##

A method for producing at least one olefin compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (51) and a compound of formula (52), the method including reacting an olefin compound of formula (21) with a olefin compound of formula (31) in the presence of at least one metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (11), a compound of formula (12), a compound of formula (13), a compound of formula (14), and a compound of formula (15).

##STR00001##

A method for producing at least one olefin compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (51) and a compound of formula (52), the method including reacting an olefin compound of formula (21) with a olefin compound of formula (31) in the presence of at least one metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (11), a compound of formula (12), a compound of formula (13), a compound of formula (14), and a compound of formula (15).

##STR00001##

Using a combination of Kumada, Suzuki and Biellmann chemistry, various menaquinones can synthesised rapidly and with stereochemical integrity offering a new way of preparing these vitamin K2 components for the pharmaceutical market. In one embodiment a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## is defined including a step in which (i) a compound of formula (II) is reacted with a compound of formula (III)

##STR00002## wherein R is an alkyl group; LG is a leaving group; m is an integer from 0 to 8; n is an integer of from 0 to 9; and X is hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl; in the presence of a copper, nickel or palladium catalyst.