Cavitand compositions that comprise void spaces are disclosed. The void spaces may be empty, which means that voids are free of guest molecules or atoms, or the void spaces may comprise guest molecules or atoms that are normally in their gas phase at standard temperature and pressure. These cavitands may be useful for industrial applications, such as the separation or storage of gasses. Novel cavitand compounds are also disclosed.

A process for the production of diisopropyl ether from high purity propylene without the need of a propane-propylene fractionation column has been developed. The process involves (1) reacting a high purity propylene feedstock and water to produce isopropyl alcohol in a reactor and reacting the isopropyl alcohol with propylene to produce diisopropyl ether in the presence of an acidic ion exchange resin catalyst and a propane diluent to generate a reactor effluent stream containing at least water, isopropyl alcohol, diisopropyl ether, propylene, and acid, (2) passing the reactor effluent to an acid removal zone to produce an acid-depleted stream, (3) dividing the acid-depleted stream into two portions, (4) recycling a portion to the reactor (5) allowing propane to build-up to an amount sufficient to operate as a diluent and (6) recovering product diisopropyl alcohol.

A process for the production of diisopropyl ether from high purity propylene without the need of a propane-propylene fractionation column has been developed. The process involves (1) reacting a high purity propylene feedstock and water to produce isopropyl alcohol in a reactor and reacting the isopropyl alcohol with propylene to produce diisopropyl ether in the presence of an acidic ion exchange resin catalyst and a propane diluent to generate a reactor effluent stream containing at least water, isopropyl alcohol, diisopropyl ether, propylene, and acid, (2) passing the reactor effluent to an acid removal zone to produce an acid-depleted stream, (3) dividing the acid-depleted stream into two portions, (4) recycling a portion to the reactor (5) allowing propane to build-up to an amount sufficient to operate as a diluent and (6) recovering product diisopropyl alcohol.

A process for the production of diisopropyl ether from high purity propylene without the need of a propane-propylene fractionation column has been developed. The process involves (1) reacting a high purity propylene feedstock and water to produce isopropyl alcohol in a reactor and reacting the isopropyl alcohol with propylene to produce diisopropyl ether in the presence of an acidic ion exchange resin catalyst and a C.sub.4 diluent to generate a reactor effluent stream containing at least water, isopropyl alcohol, diisopropyl ether, propylene, and acid, (2) passing the reactor effluent to an acid removal zone to produce an acid-depleted stream, (3) dividing the acid-depleted stream into two portions, (4) recycling a portion to the reactor (5) purging a portion to prevent propane build-up and (6) recovering product diisopropyl alcohol.

A process for the production of diisopropyl ether from high purity propylene without the need of a propane-propylene fractionation column has been developed. The process involves (1) reacting a high purity propylene feedstock and water to produce isopropyl alcohol in a reactor and reacting the isopropyl alcohol with propylene to produce diisopropyl ether in the presence of an acidic ion exchange resin catalyst and a C.sub.4 diluent to generate a reactor effluent stream containing at least water, isopropyl alcohol, diisopropyl ether, propylene, and acid, (2) passing the reactor effluent to an acid removal zone to produce an acid-depleted stream, (3) dividing the acid-depleted stream into two portions, (4) recycling a portion to the reactor (5) purging a portion to prevent propane build-up and (6) recovering product diisopropyl alcohol.

A method for manufacturing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene), including: reacting terephthaloyl chloride with diphenyl ether in a reaction solvent and in the presence of a Lewis acid, so as to obtain a product mixture including a 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene)-Lewis acid complex; contacting the product mixture with a protic solvent, so as to obtain a first phase containing the Lewis acid and a second phase containing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene); subjecting at least the second phase to a solid/liquid separation step by centrifugal filtration, so as to recover solid 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene).

A method for manufacturing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene), including: reacting terephthaloyl chloride with diphenyl ether in a reaction solvent and in the presence of a Lewis acid, so as to obtain a product mixture including a 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene)-Lewis acid complex; contacting the product mixture with a protic solvent, so as to obtain a first phase containing the Lewis acid and a second phase containing 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene); subjecting at least the second phase to a solid/liquid separation step by centrifugal filtration, so as to recover solid 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoylbenzene).

An ion exchange resin comprises a crosslinked resin and a salt covalently bonded to a carbon of the resin, wherein the salt comprises a first non-metallic cation and a first counteranion, wherein the first counteranion comprises a second non-metallic cation and a thiosulfate counteranion, and wherein the ion exchange resin is essentially free of metals. The ion exchange resin finds particular use in the removal of impurities from solutions that are useful in the manufacture of semiconductor devices.

An ion exchange resin comprises a crosslinked resin and a salt covalently bonded to a carbon of the resin, wherein the salt comprises a first non-metallic cation and a first counteranion, wherein the first counteranion comprises a second non-metallic cation and a thiosulfate counteranion, and wherein the ion exchange resin is essentially free of metals. The ion exchange resin finds particular use in the removal of impurities from solutions that are useful in the manufacture of semiconductor devices.

An ion exchange resin comprises a crosslinked resin and a salt covalently bonded to a carbon of the resin, wherein the salt comprises a first non-metallic cation and a first counteranion, wherein the first counteranion comprises a second non-metallic cation and a thiosulfate counteranion, and wherein the ion exchange resin is essentially free of metals. The ion exchange resin finds particular use in the removal of impurities from solutions that are useful in the manufacture of semiconductor devices.