Shown and described are improved processes for the preparation of dapagliflozin of Formula I, ##STR00001##
or its solvates or co-crystals thereof and intermediates and their use in the preparation of dapagliflozin of Formula I or its solvates or co-crystals thereof.

Provided is a production method capable of efficiently producing a reduced coenzyme Q10 Form II crystal. The method for producing a reduced coenzyme Q10 Form II crystal includes: adding a reduced coenzyme Q10 Form II crystal as a seed crystal to a solution with a temperature of 32° C. to 43° C., the solution containing fa) at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of an alcohol, a hydrocarbon, an aliphatic acid ester and a nitrogen compound, and (b) reduced coenzyme Q10, to prepare a mixture, and precipitating the reduced coenzyme Q10 from the mixture, in the form of the reduced coenzyme Q10 Form II crystal.

Provided is a production method capable of efficiently producing a reduced coenzyme Q10 Form II crystal. The method for producing a reduced coenzyme Q10 Form II crystal includes: adding a reduced coenzyme Q10 Form II crystal as a seed crystal to a solution with a temperature of 32° C. to 43° C., the solution containing fa) at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of an alcohol, a hydrocarbon, an aliphatic acid ester and a nitrogen compound, and (b) reduced coenzyme Q10, to prepare a mixture, and precipitating the reduced coenzyme Q10 from the mixture, in the form of the reduced coenzyme Q10 Form II crystal.

Provided is a production method capable of efficiently producing a reduced coenzyme Q10 Form II crystal. The method for producing a reduced coenzyme Q10 Form II crystal includes: adding a reduced coenzyme Q10 Form II crystal as a seed crystal to a solution with a temperature of 32° C. to 43° C., the solution containing fa) at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of an alcohol, a hydrocarbon, an aliphatic acid ester and a nitrogen compound, and (b) reduced coenzyme Q10, to prepare a mixture, and precipitating the reduced coenzyme Q10 from the mixture, in the form of the reduced coenzyme Q10 Form II crystal.

A process for the high-yield preparation of p-(R)calix[9-20]arenes.

A process for the high-yield preparation of p-(R)calix[9-20]arenes.

A process separates pure components from a product mixture produced by a one-step dimethyl ether synthesis reactor. The product mixture is scrubbed with pure dimethyl ether followed by scrubbing with aqueous methanol solvent in two absorption columns to reduce CO.sub.2 level and to minimize methanol and dimethyl ether loss with the recovered unconverted synthetic gas. The pure water or aqueous methanol is mixed with the vapor stream of CO.sub.2 separation distillation. Dimethyl ether, methanol and water mixture are separated. A scheme for separation of methanol and water mixture minimizes the size, energy and cost of separation. The process can be cost-effective, energy-efficient, environment-friendly and readily-miniaturized.

A process separates pure components from a product mixture produced by a one-step dimethyl ether synthesis reactor. The product mixture is scrubbed with pure dimethyl ether followed by scrubbing with aqueous methanol solvent in two absorption columns to reduce CO.sub.2 level and to minimize methanol and dimethyl ether loss with the recovered unconverted synthetic gas. The pure water or aqueous methanol is mixed with the vapor stream of CO.sub.2 separation distillation. Dimethyl ether, methanol and water mixture are separated. A scheme for separation of methanol and water mixture minimizes the size, energy and cost of separation. The process can be cost-effective, energy-efficient, environment-friendly and readily-miniaturized.

A process separates pure components from a product mixture produced by a one-step dimethyl ether synthesis reactor. The product mixture is scrubbed with pure dimethyl ether followed by scrubbing with aqueous methanol solvent in two absorption columns to reduce CO.sub.2 level and to minimize methanol and dimethyl ether loss with the recovered unconverted synthetic gas. The pure water or aqueous methanol is mixed with the vapor stream of CO.sub.2 separation distillation. Dimethyl ether, methanol and water mixture are separated. A scheme for separation of methanol and water mixture minimizes the size, energy and cost of separation. The process can be cost-effective, energy-efficient, environment-friendly and readily-miniaturized.

A synthetic method of 9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene, belonging to the technical field of chemical synthesis. 9-fluorenone, phenoxyethanol, a catalyst and a cocatalyst are stiffed in an alkane solvent and heated until refluxing, the generated water is removed from the reaction solution via an azeotropic method while reacting, the reaction solution is diluted with water after the reaction is ended, uniformly stirred and cooled to separate out crystals and then filtered, a filter cake is rinsed and dried to obtain a 9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene finished product; the filtered crystallization mother liquor is subjected to standing and layering, a water phase is removed, then an organic phase is distilled to recycle the alkane solvent, and the concentrate is rectified to recycle phenoxyethanol.